# Tag Info

5

Hint: Let $I=[-1,1]$. $f(t)=t^2$, $g(t)=t\left|t\right|$.

4

No, the given conditions do not imply that $f(e^x)$ is convex in some interval $(-\delta, 0]$. We will give a concrete counterexample below. Preliminaries/motivation If $f$ is differentiable then $g(u) = f(e^u)$ is convex iff $h(x) = xf'(x)$ is increasing. We have that $h$ is negative and $h(1) = 0$. Of course that does not imply that $h$ is increasing near $... 4 Since the partial derivatives exist and are continuous at every point, then the function is differentiable at every point. 4 Hint: Rewrite the DE as $$\frac{dx}{dy}-\frac{x}{y}=y$$ which is easy by integrating factor method 4 $$\frac{du}{u}=-\ln(u(t))dt$$ You cannot integrate$\int-\ln(u(t))dt$directly. The mistake is : You integrate$\quad \int-\ln(u(t))du= -u\ln(u)+u\quad$but this is not$\quad \int -\ln(u(t))dt. Back to the original ODE : $$\frac{du}{dt}=u\ln(u)$$ This is a separable ODE thus $$\frac{du}{u\ln(u)}=dt$$ $$\int\frac{du}{u\ln(u)}=\int dt$$ $$\ln(\ln(u))=t+c$$ $$... 3 Counterexample. Let f(x) = \frac 1x \sin(x^2). Then f(x) \to 0 as x \to \infty, but$$ f'(x) = - \frac{1}{x^2} \sin(x^2) + \frac 1x \cos(x^2) \cdot 2x = - \frac{1}{x^2} \sin(x^2) + 2 \cos(x^2), which is not convergent to 0 as x \to \infty. The problem here lies of course in the second derivative, which is not bounded. Problem with your ... 3 The instantaneous speed is s(t)=\sqrt{x'(t)^2+y'(t)^2}, and the average speed is \frac{1}{T}\int_0^Ts(t)\,\mathrm d t, where T=20 \,\text{s}. Does it make sense? 3 \dfrac{x^2-1}{(x-1)(x-2)(x-3)}= \dfrac{x+1}{(x-2)(x-3)} = \dfrac{(x-2)+3}{(x-2)(x-3)}= \dfrac{1}{x-3}+\dfrac{3}{(x-2)(x-3)}= \dfrac{1}{x-3}+3\left(\dfrac{1}{x-3}-\dfrac{1}{x-2}\right)= \dfrac{4}{x-3}-\dfrac{3}{x-2}. Can you take it from here? 3 Besides from the solution proposed by @SonGohan, you can prove it by the definition. The candidate to be the derivative is given by L(x,y) = (3x^{2} - 3y^{2},-6xy). Now you can prove that \begin{align*} \lim_{(x,y)\to(0,0)}\frac{|f(x,y) - f(0,0) - L(x,y)((x,y) - (0,0))^{T}|}{\|(x,y)\|} = 0 \end{align*} Indeed, this is the case. To begin with, notice the ... 2 You are right: since u_x(0,0)=u_y(0,0)=v_x(0,0)=v_y(0,0)=0, (0,0) is a solution of the Cauchy-Riemann equations (and, since the partial derivatives are continuous at (0,0), f differentiable at 0). 2 \frac {d\cos^4 u}{du}\ne -\sin^4 u. Let v(x) = x^4 then we have SO if you have \cos^4 u = v(\cos u) then \frac {d\cos^4 u}{du} = \frac {d v(\cos u)}{du} = \frac {d v(\cos u)}{d(\cos u)} \frac d{\cos u}{du}= 4(\cos u)^3\cdot (-\sin u)= -4\sin u\cos^3 u. Doing it via the chain rule is [\frac{1}{7}cos^4(x^2+2x+3)]'= \frac 17[4(\cos^3(x^2+2x+3))(-\... 2 Note that each curve represents a set of three equally spaced pedals with each pedal subtending a polar angle of \frac\pi3. Thus, the area is\frac{3}{2}\int_0^{\frac\pi3} (f(\theta)^2-g(\theta)^2)d\theta = \frac{3}{2}\int_0^{\frac\pi3} (64\sin^2(3\theta)-25\sin^2(3\theta))d\theta=\frac{39\pi}4 $$2 It seems a lit bit hard but if you try to find the pattern from n=1 to n=2 , so (e^x (x^2 + x))\prime = e^x (x^2 + 3x +1) this is for n egale to 1 you cannot get the pattern , so for n = 2\quad , (e^x(x^2 + x))\prime\prime = e^x (x^2 + 5x + 4 ) , to deduce calculate for n=3 : (e^x(x^2+x))\prime\prime\prime = e^x (x^2 + 7x + 9 ) , the patern is \... 2 Just by calculating f',f'' and f''' by hand, you can see the following pattern:$$\frac{\mathrm{d}^nf}{\mathrm{d}x^n}(x) = e^x(x^2+(2n+1)x+n^2).$$Now, we can prove this by induction (the base steps are already done if you did the calculations). Assume \frac{\mathrm{d}^nf}{\mathrm{d}x}(x) = e^x(x^2+(2n+1)x+n^2) for some n\geq 1, then$$\frac{\mathrm{... 2m$can be found without using slope. The given line touches the curve at$(x,2x-4)$so that $$2x-4=(m+3)x^2+mx$$ is satisfied. This is a quadratic in$x$, $$(m+3)x^2+(m-2)x+4=0$$ and its discriminant is zero, since for a given$m, the quadratic has a unique root (tangency point). Thus $$D : (m-2)^2-4\cdot 4 \cdot (m+3)=0$$ \Rightarrow m^2-20m-44=0 \... 2 If you want to figure out where g' is zero, compute it as \begin{align*} g'(x) &= -3\int_a^b\, (f(t) - x)^2\, dt \\ &= -3\int_a^b\, f^2(t)\, dt + 6x \int_a^b f(t)\, dt -3x^2(b - a). \end{align*} It's a quadratic in x. Set it to zero and solve for the xs that are the critical points. If you set I_0 = b - a, I_1 = \int_a^b\, f(t)\, dt, I_2 = ... 2\sum^{\infty}_{n=1} (-1)^n\frac{t^{(2n+1)}}{(2n+1)!}= \sin (t)-t$$So, as you noticed, the problem is "simply" to compute$$I=\int \sin(\sin(x))\,dx$$which cannot be obtained aven using special functions. If it was for definite integrals, the problem would be different since$$\int_0^{\frac \pi 2} \sin(\sin(x))\,dx=\frac{\pi }{2}\pmb{H}_0(1)$$... 2 The graph of f(x)=x^2 has a minimum at x=0. The graph of f(x)=-x^2 has a maximum at x=0. The graph of f(x)=x\sin x does not have a minimum or maximum at x=0. Rather, it has a local minimum. The graph of f(x)=x^3 does not have a minimum, maximum, local minimum, or local maximum at x=0. It has a point of inflection. Just knowing that f'(x)=0 ... 1 A function which is differentiable is continuous, f_n is differentiable (continuous) since it is a composition of differentiable (continuous) functions g_n(x)=x^2+{1\over n^2} and h(x)=\sqrt{x} (defined on (0,+\infty). 1 Yes, it is valid to prove that a function is continuous by actually proving that it is differentiable. However, it seems more natural for me to see that$$f_n'(x)=\frac x{\sqrt{x^2+1/n^2}}and to say that this function is continuous since it is the quotient of two continuous functions. 1 Your work for this part is correct so far. The derivative is g'(x) = 3x^2 - 10x. Recall that the equation y = 13x has the slope-intercept form, which is a straight line with slope 13. We solve for the value of x such that g'(x) = 13. We have \begin{align} 3x^2 - 10x &= 13 \\ 3x^2 - 10x - 13 &= 0 \\ x &= -1 \text{ or } \frac{13}{3}. \end{... 1 What you did is correct. You could improve readability by stating that for a convex map the slope of the line joining a fixed point with abscissa a to a point with abscissa x \gt a increases with x. Applying that in your case with a=0 and knowing that\frac{f(x) - f(0)}{x- 0} = \frac{f(x)}{x}$$you get that g is increasing. The introduction of b... 1 Let y=f(x) and let x(t) be a given function. Notice that \frac{dy}{dx}=f'(x), so we need to calculate \frac{d}{dt}(f'(x(t)). Applying the chain rule, we find this is f''(x(t))\cdot \frac{dx}{dt}. Translating back to your notation, this means that \frac{d}{dt} \frac{dy}{dx}=\frac{d^2 y}{dx^2} \frac{dx}{dt}. 1 Let \Pi_{j=0}^i K_j=a_i for i=1\dots p, then$$f'(x,k)=x^{p-k-1}a_k\frac{(p-k)\sum_{i=1}^p x^{p-i}a_i-x\sum_{i=1}^p (p-i)x^{p-i-1}a_i}{\left(\sum_{i=1}^p x^{p-i}a_i\right)^2} $$Now,$$f'(x,k)=0\implies(p-k)\sum_{i=1}^p x^{p-i}a_i-x\sum_{i=1}^p (p-i)x^{p-i-1}a_i=0,$$and, therefore$$ \begin{aligned}(p-k)\sum_{i=1}^p x^{p-i}a_i&=x\sum_{i=1}^p (p-i)x^{... 1 The problem is poorly phrased. It awkwardly mixes real and complex differentiability as well as pointwise and local notions. Let me try to clear things up. As a map\mathbb R^2\to\mathbb R^2$the map$f(z)=z^2\bar z$has polynomials as component functions. In particular, it is real differentiable everywhere and even real analytic (meaning that all ... 1$\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{y^2}{x^2}=3$is a result you derived from the original equation. It contains relationship between x and y. We know that x is a set of constant values in R. In order for the equation to be true, y has to be the same order with x. For example, if$y=x^2$then$\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\frac{y^2}{x^2}=\lim_{x\rightarrow \infty}\...

1

I will write $D_x$ instead of $\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}x}$.So, you want to calculate $$D_x\left[ \frac{1}{7}\cos^4(x^2+2x+3)\right]=\frac{1}{7}D_x\left[\cos^4(x^2+2x+3)\right].$$ I will leave the $1/7$ and multiply it again at the end. Set $g=\cos(x^2+2x+3)$. Now that's $$D_g\left[g^4\right]\cdot D_x \left[\cos(x^2+2x+3)\right] = 4g^3 D_x \left[\cos(x^2+... 1 The function that you hace to derive is the composition of three two function: f, g, h. In effect \frac{1}{7}\cos^4(x^2+2x+3)=\frac{1}{7}h(g(f(x))), with f(x)=x^2+2x+3, g(x)=cos(x), h(x)=x^4. So applying the chain rule of derivation to this composition the derivative will be =-\frac{4}{7}\cos^3{(x^2+2x+3)}\sin{(x^2+2x+3)}*(2x+2) 1 \def\T{\operatorname{Tr}}\def\p#1#2{\frac{\partial #1}{\partial #2}}For typing convenience, let's define the matrix variable$$B=S\circ S\circ A$$and use a colon to denote the trace/Frobenius product$$\eqalign{ A:B &= \T(A^TB) \\ A:A &= \big\|A\big\|_F^2 \\ }$$The properties of the trace allow the terms in such a product to be rearranged$$\...

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Let $C = \lim\limits_{x \to 0} f(x)$. Obviously for any function $h$, we have $$\lim\limits_{x \to 0^+} h(x) = \lim\limits_{x \to 0^-} h(-x).$$ Then $$C = \lim\limits_{x \to 0^+} f(x) = \lim\limits_{x \to 0^-} f(-x) = \lim\limits_{x \to 0^-} -f(x) = - \lim\limits_{x \to 0^-} f(x) = -C$$ so $C = 0$.

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