Questions tagged [nilpotence]
A nilpotent element of a ring has $a^n=0$ for some integer $n$.
2
votes
2answers
88 views
Determine all $2 \times 2$ real matrices $A$ such that $(1) \ \ A^2=I$, $(2) \ \ A^2=0$
Determine all $2 \times 2$ real matrices $A$ such that $(1) \ \ A^2=I$, $(2) \ \ A^2=0$
I came across this problem recently where I have to determine all the $2\times2$ matrices satisfying the ...
-1
votes
0answers
45 views
Build a group $(G,+)$ from the nilpotent elements of the ring $(M_2(\mathbb{Z_2}),+,.)$, isomorphic with $(\mathbb{Z_2}),+)$. [on hold]
Build a group $(G,+)$ from the nilpotent elements of the ring $(M_2(\mathbb{Z_2}),+,.)$, isomorphic with $(\mathbb{Z_2}),+)$ and give two examples of nilpotent elements from$(M_2(\mathbb{Z_2}),+,.)$ ...
1
vote
1answer
32 views
Nilradical is the intersection of finitely many minimal prime ideals.
Let $R \neq \{0 \}$ be a commutative ring with identity. Suppose that $R$ has only finitely many minimal prime ideals $p_1,\dots , p_s.$ Then
$$\sqrt {0} = \bigcap\limits_{i=1}^{s} p_i.$$
I ...
2
votes
1answer
27 views
Exericse about linear map $T\in L(V)$, where $\dim V=n\geq2$, with $\operatorname{null}T^{n-1}\neq\operatorname{null}T^n$
I have this problem that I am attempting, and am struggling with (b).
--
Assume $\dim V = n \geq 2$ and that $T \in L(V)$ such that $\operatorname{null}T^{n-1}\neq\operatorname{null}T{^n}$
--
(a) ...
1
vote
1answer
38 views
Nilpotent, Idempotent and Involutory Matrix
With exception of the zero matrix, can a matrix be nilpotent $(A^k=0)$ and idempotent $(A^2=A)$ at the same time?
and
With exception of the identity matrix, can a matrix be idempotent and involutory ...
0
votes
1answer
20 views
Usage of Zorn's Lemma to prove that the intersection of all prime ideals contains only nilpotent elements.
I have read a couple proofs that that the intersection of all prime ideals contains only nilpotent elements that use a claim like this:
Suppose that $a$ is an element of $A$ that is not nilpotent. ...
0
votes
1answer
90 views
Proving that an element is nilpotent [closed]
Let $m,n \in \mathbb N, n \geq 2$. $A$ is a ring with $|A|=n$ and $a \in A$ s.t. $1-a^k$ is invertible $\forall k \in \{m+1,m+2,...,m+n-1\}$. Prove that $a$ is nilpotent.
Can somebody help me, ...
0
votes
1answer
45 views
k-th power nilpotence ($k\ge 3$)
Inspired by my solution to 2x2 Matrix with no zero entries where $A^k=0$ - Nilpotence? I came up with this problem.
Let $A$ be a $nxn$ matrix which is not the zero matrix $0$ (in which all elements ...
0
votes
4answers
47 views
2x2 Matrix with no zero entries where $A^k=0$ - Nilpotence?
Find an example of a $2x2$ matrix $A$ that has no zero entries but is such that $A^K=0$ for some positive integer k.
Here is my thinking: When $k=1, A=0$, but this contradicts that the matrix has no ...
0
votes
1answer
7 views
Let B be a nilpotent linear operator with index p. Is operator $ N^2 + \alpha*N $ nilpotent?
Let B be a nilpotent linear operator with index p. Is operator $ N^2 + \alpha*N $ nilpotent? ( $ \alpha \in \mathbb{R}$)
I think that when $ \alpha = 0$ then the index is $p/2$ for even p, but when p ...
6
votes
3answers
551 views
Eigenvalues of a matrix whose square is zero
Let $A$ be a nonzero $3 \times 3$ matrix such that $A^2=0$. Then what is the number of non-zero eigenvalues of the matrix?
I am unable to figure out the eigenvalues of the above matrix.
P.S.: how ...
0
votes
1answer
34 views
On $\bigg[\begin{matrix}E&O\\O&F\end{matrix}\bigg],B_b=\left[\begin{matrix}2b&-1&0&-1\\0&b&0&0\\0&-1&0&-1\\0&1&0&b\end{matrix}\right]\in M_4(\Bbb R)$
Consider the $4\times4$ matrices $A=\bigg[\begin{matrix}
E&O_2\\O_2&F
\end{matrix}\bigg]$, where $E,F$ are any nilpotent $2\times2$ matrices, and $B_b=\left[\begin{matrix}2b&-1&0&-...
1
vote
2answers
62 views
Proof of Jordan-Chevalley decomposition
Let $A$ be a square matrix over $\mathbb{C}$. Prove there are matrices $D$ and $N$ such that $A = D + N$ such that $D$ is diagonalizable, $N$ is nilpotent and $DN = ND$.
I can see that any nilpotent ...
5
votes
1answer
99 views
$A$ nilpotent and $A+c_iB$ is nilpotent then $B$ is nilpotent.
Let $A$ and $B$ be $n \times n$ matrices over some field with $A$ nilpotent. Now let $c_1,\ldots,c_{n+1}$ be $n+1$ distinct scalars such that $A+c_i B$ is nilpotent for all $i=1, \ldots,n+1$. Then how ...
2
votes
3answers
85 views
The converse of “nilpotent elements are zero-divisors”
For commutative rings $A$ with identity $1\ne0$, nilpotent elements are zero-divisors. The converse is false, i.e. there is a commutative ring $A$ with identity $1\ne0$ and a zero-divisor $x$ in $A$ ...
4
votes
1answer
83 views
Nilpotent ring and Nilpotent groups.
Let $R$ be a ring (associative and with unity) and $B$ be a subring with the property that $B^n = 0$ i.e.
$$ \forall\; x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n \in B: \; x_1 \cdot x_2 \cdots x_n = 0$$
My aim is to ...
18
votes
1answer
281 views
Generalize exterior algebra: vectors are nilcube instead of nilsquare
The exterior product on a ($d$-dimensional) vector space $V$ is defined to be associative and bilinear, and to make any vector square to $0$, and is otherwise unrestricted. Formally, the exterior ...
1
vote
0answers
31 views
Nilpotent Operators Linear Algebra
Let $V$ be an $n$-dimensional vector space over an arbitrary field $K$, and let
$T_1, \dots , T_n : V \rightarrow V$ be pairwise commuting nilpotent operators on $V$.
(a) Show the composition $...
0
votes
1answer
165 views
Find a example of $A$ be $4 \times 4$ matrix such that $A$ has rank $2$ but $A^2 =0 $?
Find a example of $A$ be $4 \times 4$ matrix such that $A$ has rank $2$ but $A^2 =0 $?
My attempt :
$$A=\begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & 1 &0\\0 & 0 & 1 & 0\\0 &0 &...
4
votes
9answers
137 views
All nilpotent matrices $2 \times 2$ satisfies $A^{2}=0$ [duplicate]
I have problems to show that if $A$ is a $2 \times 2$ matrix and if there exists some positive integer such that $A^{n}=0$ then $A^{2}=0$. I only showed that $A$ is a singular matrix but nothing else. ...
5
votes
2answers
96 views
Mutually commuting matrix with $A_i^2=0$
Let $A_1,\dots,A_n$ be mutually commuting $m\times m$ matrices such that $A_i^2=0$ for all $1\le i \le n$. If $m<2^n$, prove that $A_1 A_2\cdots A_n=0$
Since $A_i^2=0$ So $\operatorname{Im}(A)\...
2
votes
2answers
129 views
Let $A$ and $B$ be nilpotent matrices that commute with $[A,B]$. If $A$, $B$, and $[A,B]$ are all nilpotent, show that $A+B$ is nilpotent.
How to prove that $A + B$ is nilpotent, when $A$, $B$, $[A, B]$ are nilpotent matrices, and also $A$ and $[A, B]$, $B$ and $[A, B]$ are pairs of commuting matrices?
Looks like I should use binomial ...
0
votes
0answers
9 views
Irreducibility of differential operator?
Is the differential operator $D:P_n \to P_n$ is reducible? Find an element of $P_n$ that is of period $n+1$ under $D$. Here $D$ is Differential operator and $P_n$ is the vector space of all ...
2
votes
3answers
54 views
Show that every maximal ideal of $R$ contains the element $a$.
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and let $a\in R$ such that $a^n=0$, for some positive integer $n$. Suppose that $I$ is and ideal of $R$. Define $(I,a)=\{x+ra\ :\ x\in I\ \text{and}\ r\in R\...
1
vote
1answer
50 views
Find Jordan Decomposition without calculating $\ker(A - \lambda E)$
Without calculating the null space of $(A - \lambda E)$, find the Jordan decomposition of
$$
A = \begin{pmatrix}
0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\
0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 \\
0 & 0 &...
0
votes
0answers
94 views
Show that two nilpotent matrices are closed under addition and multiplication
From Serge Lang's linear algebra textbook:
A square matrix $A$ is said to be nilpotent if $A^r=O$ for some integer $r \geq 1$.
Let $A$, $B$ be nilpotent matrices, of the same size, and assume $AB$...
2
votes
1answer
62 views
If $G$ is a nilpotent group of class $2$, show $G' ≤ Z(G)$
If $G$ is a nilpotent group of class $2$, show
$G' ≤ Z(G)$, and here we are taking the definition that class of nilpotency is the smallest length of the central series of $G$; where $G'$ is the ...
1
vote
1answer
42 views
Show that if $R$ is a ring with a single ideal prime minimal $\neq(0)$ then $R$ has non-trivial nilpotent elements
Show that if $R$ is a ring with a single ideal prime minimal $\neq(0)$
then $R$ has non-trivial nilpotent elements, that is, elements to $a\neq 0$ for those who $a^n=0$, for a certain power $n> 0$.
...
6
votes
2answers
73 views
Nilpotent elements of group algebra $\Bbb CG$
Goal: explicitly find a nilpotent element of the group algebra $\Bbb C G$ for some finite group $G$. This exists if and only if $G$ is non abelian by Maschke's theorem and Wedderburn-Artin.
By ...
0
votes
1answer
36 views
“Determine the zero divisors, nilpotents and the non-invertibles in $ \mathbb{Q}[x] /(x^{4}-2x^{3}+3x^{2}-4x+2)$”
Good evening,
I would like to ask the following exercise :
"Determine the zero divisors, nilpotents and the non-invertibles in $ \mathbb{Q}[x] /(x^{4}-2x^{3}+3x^{2}-4x+2)$"
I saw that the ...
1
vote
0answers
39 views
Nilpotent binary matrices over finite fields
I am studying on nilpotent matrices over finite fields. By definition a square matrix $A$ is $p$-nilpotent if a power of $A$ modulo $p$ is the zero matrix. For example. Let $J_2$ be the $2\times 2$ ...
1
vote
1answer
54 views
Nilpotent Jacobson radical
I have to prove the following: If $R$ is a finite-dimensional algebra over a field $F$, then $J(R)$ is nilpotent.
I thought about this, but there are some gaps:
Because $R$ is in particular a ...
1
vote
0answers
41 views
when the finite nilpotent group is cyclic?
In the notion of nilpotent group,
a finite group $G$ is nilpotent
iff every sylow subgroups is nomral in $G$
iff $G$ is isomorphic to direct products of all sylow subgroups of $G$
I wonder in what ...
0
votes
2answers
45 views
Rank is less than $\frac n2$
Let $A \in \mathbb{R}^{n \times n}$ such that $A^2 =0$. Prove that $\mbox{rank}(A) \leq \frac n2$.
With Cayley-Hamilton, the characteristic polynomial is $\chi_A=X^2$. I also know $\dim A = \dim(Im(A)...
0
votes
0answers
30 views
NxN nilpotent matrix, d-dimensional eigenspace
The set of matrices described in the title form a set in $R^{N\times N}$. What is the dimension of this set?
For example, if N=2 and d=2, the only matrix is the zero matrix so the dimension is zero. ...
4
votes
0answers
71 views
Nilpotent Maps (intuition)
My intuition of a nilpotent map is that it is a map for which some Vectors are cycled through all linearly independant vectors, until it hits one which is in the kernel, and then it collapses. The ...
1
vote
0answers
66 views
Identifying nilpotent $2\times 2$ matrices with a quadratic cone
Recall that $A \in \operatorname{Mat}(n, \mathbb{R})$ is called nilpotent if there exists n > 0 such that $A^n = 0.$
Observe that if A is nilpotent then its characteristic polynomial is, up to a sign,...
0
votes
4answers
39 views
If matrix $A$ is similar to $B$ and $A$ is nilpotent, does that imply that $B$ is also nilpotent
If matrix $A$ in $\mathbb{R}^{n\times n}$ is nilpotent, what I know:
all the eigenvalues of $A$ are $0$
the determinant of $A$ is $0$ (because the minimal polynomial has to be $0$)
the rank of $A$ ...
1
vote
2answers
46 views
eigenvalues of nilpotent matrix problem
I have this following problem:
let $0\neq A\in M_n(F)$ such that $A^k=0$ for integer $k>1$
a. what are the eigenvalues of A?
b. show that $B=\alpha\cdot I_n-A$ invertible for every scalar $\...
0
votes
0answers
27 views
condition for positivity
I am end up with an expression of a solution of an algebraic equation $N\dot x(t)= x(t)+Bu(t)$
$x(t)=-[B\hspace{0.2cm} NB \hspace{0.2cm} N^2B\dots N^{m-1}B]_{n\times mn}\begin{bmatrix}u(t)\\u^{(1)}(t)...
0
votes
1answer
38 views
Is the nilradical of $\Bbb Z/n\Bbb Z$ equal to that of $(\Bbb Z/n\Bbb Z)/N$ where $N=\sqrt{(0)}$?
Question: Determine the nilradical $N := \sqrt{(0)}$ in $\Bbb Z/n\Bbb Z$ and in $(\Bbb Z/n\Bbb Z) /N$ .
My attempt: $\sqrt{(0)}=\{x+n\Bbb Z\in\Bbb Z/n\Bbb Z\ |\ \exists m\in\Bbb N\ x^m\in n\Bbb Z\...
2
votes
2answers
72 views
If $\not\exists r+I$ nilpotent then $R/I$ is an integral domain
Let $R$ be a commutative ring and $I$ an ideal of $R$.
Definition: a non zero element $ a\in R$ is nilpotent if $\exists n\in\Bbb N$ s.t. $a^n=0$
It is true that if $R/I$ is an integral domain then ...
1
vote
1answer
33 views
Let R be a prime Jacobson ring (with 1) [closed]
How to show that R has no nonzero nil ideals?
Any hint would be great.
0
votes
1answer
79 views
Prove that this linear transformation is nilpotent
The Question:
Let $V$ be a finite dimensional vector space over $\Bbb C$, with linear map $T:V \rightarrow V$. Suppose that the minimal polynomial of $T$ is $$m_T(x) = p(x)q(x) \\ p(x)=(x-\lambda)^\...
2
votes
2answers
31 views
Nilpotent/ Quotient
I am little fuzzy on how can we conclude that if $L$ is a Lie algebra, and if $L/Z(L)$ is nilpotent, then so is L. Where $Z(L)$ is the center of $L$, namely $Z(L) = \{z \in L \vert [xz] = 0 \ for \ ...
0
votes
4answers
54 views
Eigenvalue problem
If all the eigenvalues of $2 \times 2$ matrix $A$ are zero then prove that $A^2=0$.
$0$ is an eigenvalue of $A$. Then $AX=0$, again $A^2X=0$. Then $X$ is an eigenvector of both $A$ and $A^2$. Can we ...
3
votes
0answers
44 views
For all $A, B \in \mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{C})$, if $[A, [A, B]] = 0$, then $[A, B]$ is nilpotent [duplicate]
$\newcommand{\tr}{\mathrm{Tr }}$
Let be $\mathcal{M}_n(\mathbb{C})$ the set of complex-valued square matrices of order $n$ and $[A, B] = AB - BA$ a commutator.
If, for some $A, B \in \mathcal{M}_n(\...
3
votes
2answers
57 views
Can the operator $\operatorname{id}_V-(AB-BA)$ be nilpotent in the infinite-dimensional case.
Let $V$ be a infinite-dimensional vector space over the field of characteristic $0$ and $A,B$ be linear operators of $V$. Let $\operatorname{id}_V$ be an identical operator.
Using trace function it ...
3
votes
1answer
30 views
g+h is an isomorphism (nilpotent linear map)
$V$ is a vector space, $g: V \to V$ an isomorphism and $h: V \to V$ a nilpotent linear map. Also, $g$ and $h$ commute. This implies that $g+h$ is an isomorphism.
Well, $h$ is nilpotent so $h^n=0$. ...
1
vote
0answers
60 views
On the central series of the group of unitriangular matrices over a commutative, unitary ring
Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and put $U=U(n,R)$, the group of $n\times n$ (upper) unitriangular matrices over R. Define $U_i$ to be the be the subgroup of $U$ having (at least) $i-1$ ...
