Questions tagged [jensen-inequality]
this tag is meant for question related to the Jensen inquality.
0
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1answer
28 views
Kovari-Sos-Turan Theorem - proof
recently I'm facing problems while trying to prove the following theorem:
Theorem: Let Ka,b denote the complete bipartite graph with a and b vertices in its color-classes. Then:
$$ex(n,K_{a,b}) \leq \...
3
votes
5answers
153 views
How can I prove that $\frac{e^x+e^y}{2}>e^\frac{x+y}{2}$, where $x \neq y$?
The inequality is $$\frac{e^x+e^y}{2}>e^\frac{x+y}{2}$$
where $x \neq y$.
This is my first time coming across inequalities of this form thus I really don't know to approach it correctly.
Here is ...
1
vote
0answers
40 views
A new strategy to prove a problem
It's related to this If $a+b+c=3$, then $ \frac{a}{5b+c^3}+\frac{b}{5c+a^3}+\frac{c}{5a+b^3} \geq \frac{1}{2}$
My idea to prove this :
We have the following theorem :
Let $x,\beta,\alpha$ be real ...
1
vote
1answer
27 views
Can Jensen be applied to multivariable functions?
I was wondering, suppose we have a symmetric two variable function, in my case: $f(x,y)=\frac{1}{x+y+1}$ with the restriction that $0\le x,y \le 1$, I took the second partial derivative with respect ...
1
vote
1answer
45 views
How can we show that $\left|a+b+c\right|^p-2\left|a\right|^p\le C\left(\left|b\right|^p+\left|c\right|^p\right)$?
Let $p\ge2$. How can we show that $$\left|a+b+c\right|^p-2\left|a\right|^p\le C\left(\left|b\right|^p+\left|c\right|^p\right)\;\;\;\text{for all }a,b,c\in\mathbb R\tag1$$ for some $C\ge0$?
I'm only ...
1
vote
1answer
43 views
An inequality for convex function from $\mathbb R$ to $\mathbb R$
If $f(x): \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ is a convex function, prove that
$$f(x_1) + f(x_2) + f(x_3) + 3 f(\frac{x_1 + x_2 + x_3}{3}) \geq 2 f(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}) + 2 f(\frac{x_1 + x_3}{2}) + 2 f(\frac{x_2 ...
3
votes
3answers
84 views
Proof verification: For $a$, $b$, $c$ positive with $abc=1$, show $\sum_{\text{cyc}}\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)}\geq \frac32$
I would like to have my solution to IMO 95 A2 checked. All solutions I've found either used Cauchy-Schwarz, Chebyshevs inequality, the rearrangement inequality or Muirheads inequality. Me myself, I've ...
11
votes
3answers
212 views
Prove that $({a\over a+b})^3+({b\over b+c})^3+ ({c\over c+a})^3\geq {3\over 8}$
Let $a,b,c$ be positive real numbers. Prove that $$\Big({a\over a+b}\Big)^3+\Big({b\over b+c}\Big)^3+ \Big({c\over c+a}\Big)^3\geq {3\over 8}$$
If we put $x=b/a$, $y= c/b$ and $z=a/c$ we get $xyz=1$ ...
0
votes
1answer
41 views
Triple refinement of an inequality
We have the following theorem :
Let $a,b,c$ be real positive numbers such that $2b\geq a+c$ then we have :
$$A\geq B\geq C \geq D \geq E$$
With :
$$A=3\big(\frac{\sum_{cyc}\frac{a^3}{13a^2+5b^...
1
vote
1answer
33 views
Jensen's type inequality for inner product
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a real Hilbert space and $x,y,z \in \mathcal{H}$. If $x$ and $y$ are a convex combination of $z$, that is
$$ z := tx + (1-t)y , \quad t \in (0,1) , $$
then we have the following ...
0
votes
0answers
23 views
Upperbounding the expected value of an L2-norm difference
I am trying to find an upperbound for $$E_I\left[\sum_{k=I}^n a_k^2 - \sum_{k=I}^n b_k^2\right],$$ where the expectation is taken over the random variable $I$. The tuples $a$ and $b$ are real and $I$ ...
1
vote
1answer
35 views
Lower bound of the entropy over the probability distribution
I am trying to show that:
$$\inf_{z: 1^Tz=1} \sum_{i=1}^m {z_i \log z_i} = -\log m$$
I thought about Jensen inequality or induction, but none of them provided me something.
-2
votes
1answer
55 views
Refinement of a strong inequality
It's related to this If $a+b+c=abc$ then $\sum\limits_{cyc}\frac{1}{7a+b}\leq\frac{\sqrt3}{8}$ .
I make a little refinement wich could be usefull to prove the original one .
Let $a,b,c$ be real ...
0
votes
1answer
34 views
Counterexample of the converse of Jensen's inequality
Let $\phi$ be a convex function on $(-\infty, \infty)$, $f$ a Lebesgue integrable function over $[0,1]$ and $\phi\circ f$ also integrable over $[0,1]$. Then we have:
$$\phi\Big(\int_{0}^{1} f(x)dx\...
0
votes
1answer
35 views
Generalize Jensen's Integral Inequality to the product of two functions
Let $E$ be a measurable set with $m(E)>0$.
Let $f$, $\gamma$ be two measurable, real-valued function which are finite a.e. on $E$ with $f, \gamma$ and $f\cdot \gamma$ all integrable.
Assume $\...
1
vote
2answers
54 views
Inequality using Jensen
It's a simple problem that I propose to you this is the following :
Let $a,b,c,d,e$ be positive real numbers such that $abc=ab+bc+ca$ then we have :
$$\frac{1}{da+eb}+\frac{1}{db+ec}+\frac{1}{dc+...
0
votes
1answer
63 views
$\frac{a}{\sqrt{a^2 + 8bc}} +\frac{b}{\sqrt{b^2 + 8ac}} + \frac{c}{\sqrt{c^2 + 8ab}} \ge \frac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+b^3+c^3 + 24abc}}$ is true?
In one of the solutions of a problem in this site: https://artofproblemsolving.com/wiki/index.php?title=2001_IMO_Problems/Problem_2
It is used the following:
If $a,b,c$ are positive real numbers ...
0
votes
0answers
19 views
Jensen's Inequality, convex function [duplicate]
f is a convex function. Prove that $\frac{f(x) + f(y) + f(z)}{3}$ + $f$($\frac{x+y+z}{3}$) $\geq$ $\frac{2}{3}$( $f$ ($\frac{x+y}{2}$) + $f$ ($\frac{x+z}{2}$) + $f$ ($\frac{y+z}{2}$) ).
Starting with ...
1
vote
1answer
25 views
Is it a typo in Jensen's inequality?
I am reading a book where it is written:
For any $n \geq 1$, $E(|x|^n) \geq (E(|x|))^n$
I understand that it is simple apllication of Jensen' inequality for function $f(x) = |x|^n$, but I have some ...
2
votes
1answer
49 views
$\int_\Omega\min(f,g)\text{d}\mu\ge\frac{1}{2}\big(\int_\Omega\sqrt{f\cdot g}\ \text{d}\mu\big)^2$
Let $(\Omega,\mathcal A,\mu)$ be a $\sigma$-finite measure space, $\mathbb P,\mathbb Q$ be probability measures on $(\Omega,\mathcal A)$ with density functions $f,g: \Omega \to (0,\infty)$ concerning $...
0
votes
0answers
19 views
Jensen type inequality for a non-convex function.
I suppose that a function $f$ is $\geq 0$ on $[-1,1]$, decreasing and $f(t)(1+t)$ is concave.
Moreover for every $a,b \in [-1,1]$, $a<b$, we have a (simple positive) measure $\mu_{a,b}$ such that
$...
1
vote
1answer
26 views
How can I solve this inequality using convexity?
Given $a, b, c\ge 0$ and $x, y, z> 0$ and $a + b + c = x + y + z$.
Show that $$a ^ 3 / x ^ 2 + b ^ 3 / y ^ 2 + c ^ 3 / z ^ 2 \ge a + b + c$$ prove inequality using convexity
0
votes
0answers
12 views
A question in random matrices
In page 78 of "An Introduction to Matrix Concentration Inequalities", it is written that if $Z$ be a random matrix, I can't understand why
$$\mathbb{E}||Z||^2=\mathbb{E}\text{max}\{||ZZ^*||,||Z^*Z||\}...
0
votes
2answers
38 views
proof that involves Jensen's inequality
An exercise I have to solve indicates the following: "Show that for any discrete random variable X:
e^tE[X]<= E[e^tX]
where t belongs to R and is fixed.
I think this is related with Jansen's ...
0
votes
3answers
91 views
Prove that if $x_1 + x_2 + … + x_n = n$, then $x_1^k + x_2^k + … + x_n^k \ge n$
$x_1, x_2, ..., x_n \in \mathbb R$ are nonegative and $k \in \mathbb R$, $k \ge 1$. Prove that if $x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n = n$, then $x_1^k + x_2^k + ... + x_n^k \ge n$. I tried to find the smallest ...
0
votes
2answers
48 views
Can we extend convex combination to integral?
The definition of the convex combination is given as:
$$x=\lambda x_1 + (1-\lambda) x_2,\forall \lambda \in [0,1]$$
It can be obviously extend to multi-terms form as:
$$x=\sum_{i=1}^N \lambda_i x_i,\...
0
votes
2answers
50 views
problem regarding application of Jensen's inequality
question:
For $a,b,c,d \in \mathbb{R^+}$ with $a+b+c+d = 4$, Prove $\displaystyle \sum\dfrac{a}{b(b+1)}\geq \dfrac{8}{(a+c)(b+d)}$
my attempt:
$f(x)= \dfrac{1}{x^2+x}=\dfrac{1}{x(x+1)}$ is convex ...
0
votes
1answer
59 views
What Jensen inequality implies in it holds with equality
For any measurable function $f$, Jensen inequality states that $\int \phi (f) d\mu \geq \phi ( \int f d\mu)$ for convex $\phi$.
Is there a proof that if the inequality holds with equality, that is
$...
6
votes
1answer
130 views
Proving a convexity inequality
Given $f: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ convex, show that:
$$ \frac{2}{3}\left(f\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{z+y}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{x+z}{2}\right)\right) \leq f\left(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\...
1
vote
1answer
60 views
Can I minimize $x^a + y^a$ by minimizing $x+y$? Is there such a mathematical identity?
I would like to minimize the following expression:
$$x^a+y^a.$$
I wonder if a mathematical identity exists where a minimization of $x+y$ implies a minimization of the above.
Where:
a is a positive ...
4
votes
1answer
112 views
Prove: for all $x \in (0, 1], 2^x+2^{\frac{1}{x}} \leqslant 2^{x+\frac{1}{x}}$
This problem is from my math teacher.I tried using Calculus, the derivative function is like a black hole.Then I graphed it by Mathematica. As the following picture shows, I was strongly astonished. ...
2
votes
1answer
56 views
Bounding the variance of the maximum of convex functions of a random variable
Consider a random variable $X$ with density $f$, and a finite set of convex and increasing functions $Y_i(x)$. I am interested in bounding the variance of the max of the $Y_i$'s.
I have the following ...
1
vote
0answers
56 views
Karamata + Jensen = Niculescu's inequality (version of 1991)
In fact it's my point of view but I think that this version of Niculescu's inequality is a mixture between Karamata and Jensen's inequality .
So we have :
Let $f(x)$ be a convex strictly ...
2
votes
1answer
81 views
Show that $\sum_{\text{cyc}} \frac{1}{b^2+c^2+5bc-a^2} \leq \frac{\sqrt3}{8S}$ for a triangle with sides $a$, $b$, $c$ and area $S$
Let be $a$, $b$, $c$ sides of a triangle and $S$ his area. Prove that $$\sum_{\text{cyc}} \frac{1}{b^2+c^2+5bc-a^2} \leq \frac{\sqrt3}{8S}$$
My idea: $b^2+c^2-a^2 = 2bc \cos A$, so the inequality is ...
4
votes
2answers
155 views
P.T. $\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)} +\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)} \ge \frac 32$
If $abc=1$ where $a,b,c$ are positive real. Prove that ,$\frac{1}{a^3(b+c)} +\frac{1}{b^3(a+c)}+\frac{1}{c^3(a+b)} \ge \frac 32$.
I tried to multiply the LHS by $abc$ to make the relation homogeneous ...
35
votes
3answers
1k views
Prove that $(1+x)^\frac{1}{x}+(1+\frac{1}{x})^x \leq 4$
Prove that $f(x)=(1+x)^\frac{1}{x}+(1+\frac{1}{x})^x \leq 4$ for all $x>0.$
We have $f(x)=f(\frac{1}{x}), f'(x)=-\frac{1}{x^2}f'(\frac{1}{x}),$ so we only need to prove $f'(x)＞0$ for $0 < x <...
0
votes
0answers
53 views
How to introduce weights for Jensen's inequality into $log\sum\sum$
For log sum matrix function, I saw the example introducing the weight after sum regarding all matrices in summation for Jensen's inequality
\begin{align*}
f(W,H) &= \sum_{ij}[-V_{ij}log \sum_{k}...
1
vote
1answer
50 views
Generalization of $f\left(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}\right) < {f(x_1) + f(x_2) \over 2}$ for odd number of variables.
Let $f: \mathbb R \to \mathbb R$ satisfy the following inequality:
$$
f\left(\frac{x_1 + x_2}{2}\right) < {f(x_1) + f(x_2) \over 2}
$$
Show that:
$$
f\left(\frac{x_1 + x_2 + x_3}{3}\...
2
votes
1answer
62 views
How to show that $f(x) = a^x$ is convex for $x \in \mathbb R$ using Jensen's inequality?
A function is called convex downwards if the following inequality is satisfied:
$$
f(\lambda\cdot x_1 + (1-\lambda)\cdot x_2) \le \lambda\cdot f(x_1)+(1-\lambda)\cdot f(x_2), \; \text{where} \; \...
2
votes
2answers
59 views
For positive real numbers $x,y,z$, Prove that
For positive real numbers $x,y,z$, Prove that,
$$\bigg(\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x+y+z}\bigg)^{(x+y+z)}\geq x^xy^yz^z \geq
\bigg(\frac{x+y+z}{3}\bigg)^{(x+y+z)}$$
I have no idea how to begin this? I ...
2
votes
0answers
34 views
Jensen's inequality applied to Liapunov's CLT condition
The Liapunov's sufficient condition to the Central Limit Theorem says that if $\exists \delta$ for whom the following expression converges to $0$ then you can apply the CLT to the sequence's ...
1
vote
1answer
67 views
Does Jensen's Inequality hold for complex numbers?
We can use Jensen's inequality to show that if $1<p<\infty$, then there exists a constant $C>0$ such that for every $x,y \in \mathbb{R}$, we have:
$$
|x+y|^p \leq C (|x|^p + |y|^p)
$$
Can we ...
0
votes
1answer
69 views
Can we always find a convex combination of a given set of points to satisfy this condition?
Let $F$ be the average of $f(x)$ for $m$ given vectors $x_1,\dots,x_m$, that is,$$
F=\frac{1}{m}\sum_{i=1}^m f(x_i).
$$
Here $f(x)$ is a convex function from $\mathbb{R}^n$ to $\mathbb{R}$.
Can we ...
4
votes
0answers
167 views
Proof verification in a general case of an hard inequality
Related to this I have solved the general case which is the following:
If $a_1,\cdots,a_n >0$, and $a_1+\cdots + a_n=n$, prove that
$$\sum_{cyc}a_i^{a_i a_{i+1}} \geq (\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ia_{i+1}...
0
votes
2answers
34 views
Denominator in Jensen's inequality
What is the intuition behind having a denominator in Jensen's inequality?
For example, why do we need $n$ in a version of Jensen's inequality when all weights are equal:
$$
\phi\left(\frac{\sum x_i}{n}...
0
votes
1answer
239 views
Show that $E[1/X] = 1/E[X]$ using Jensen's inequality
The function $1/x$ is convex on the interval $x > 0$ and two times differentiable. So, for $x > 0$, Jensen's inequality implies
$$E(1/x) \geq 1/E(x).$$
But for $x < 0$, $1/x$ is not ...
0
votes
0answers
49 views
What inequalities can be obtained for summation of piecewise linear convex functions?
Let $f_i(x):\mathbb{R}^n\to\mathbb{R}$ be a piece-wise linear convex function with $i=1,\dots,m$. We know that $F(x)=\sum_{i=1}^m f_i(x)$ is also a piece-wise linear convex function (see this post). I ...
2
votes
1answer
37 views
An inequality on the geometric mean of sines
Let $n \in \mathbb{N}$, $n \geq 2$. Let $x_1, \ldots, x_n \in (0, \pi)$. Set $x = \frac{(x_1 + \cdots + x_n)}{n}$.
Which of the following statements are true?
(b) $\prod_{k=1}^n \sin x_k \leq \sin^...
0
votes
1answer
57 views
Looking for an inequality for $1 \leq p < \infty$
Let $a_1,...,a_n$ be positive real numbers and let $0 < p < 1$. Then $$(a_1 + \cdots + a_n)^p \leq a_1^p + \cdots + a_n^p. $$
Now take $ 1 \leq p < \infty$. Can we get a similar inequality, ...
2
votes
1answer
203 views
When do we have equality in Jensen's inequality?
I'm talking about the finite form of the inequality:
$$f(q_1x_1+q_2x_2+\cdots+q_nx_n)\leq q_1f(x_1)+q_2f(x_2)+\cdots+q_nf(x_n)$$
with
$$\sum_{i=1}^{n}{q_i}=1, q_i\geq 0$$
(Obviously the form ...
