Questions tagged [game-theory]
The study of competitive and non-competitive games, equilibrium concepts such as Nash equilibrium, and related subjects. Combinatorial games such as Nim are under [tag:combinatorial-game-theory], and algorithmic aspects (e.g. auctions) are under [tag:algorithmic-game-theory].
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Game Theory, formulating a payoff matrix
Rowena and Colin play a hide-and-seek game. Rowena hides in one of 3 locations,
and then Colin searches them in some order. If he searches in order i, j, k then his search
cost is ci, ci + cj or ci + ...
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0answers
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Finding mixed strategy Nash Equilibrium in First Price Sealed Bid Auction with Complete Information
Let we think about $\textbf{First Price Sealed Bid Auction}$ in which bidder who offers highest bid wins the object. There are only two bidders in this auction for the simplicity, $I_1$ and $I_2$.
...
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44 views
Can an open source project be considered a cooperative game?
Quote from https://opensource.google.com/docs/why/#engineering-economics:
While open source work may have benevolent results, it is not an act of
charity. Releasing work as open source and the ...
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Reference for EV/ betting game questions. [on hold]
Need some good material to practice questions on probabilistic games. Mainly questions on the lines of finding EV and deciding whether it's a fair bet or not, or how much should one bet.
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Week 1 Game Theory Example 7
Example 7.
Verify that the strategies $y^{*}=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4}),x^{*}=(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{4},\frac{1}{4})$ are optimal and $v=0$ is the value of the game $\overline{\Gamma}_{A}$ ...
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1answer
41 views
Can a game theory strategy go in an endless loop?
Suppose there are two players in a game. Player A arrives at their best strategy by game theory but they also know that Player B knows about game theory, so Player B will also go with their best ...
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joint venture capital determination (game theory)
In a joint venture project, n≥2 partners are to determine the amount of capital y to be invested in the company. They use the following rule. Simultaneously, each partner i submits a real number si≥0. ...
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1answer
16 views
Is it possible to have one pure strategy and infinitely many mixed strategies?
I'm wondering if it is possible to construct a game in which there is one pure strategy and infinitely many mixed strategies?
I don't believe this is true, since mixed strategies mix over pure ...
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In game theory, what is the difference between garden of Eden and winning positions?
Conversely, what is the difference between traps and losing positions?
Also, what is the relation between the set of winning position and garden of Eden? (I'm guessing the latter is the subset of the ...
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125 views
Find the strategy to be left with legal moves
Two people are playing with $6$ piles of stones, $2$ piles each of similar type. The piles might be of different sizes. If a move consists of removing a particular type of pile completely and then ...
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1answer
14 views
Convex hull of sets in Minimax theorem
Suppose $X\subseteq\mathbb{R}^n$ is a convex and compact set, and $Y\subseteq\mathbb{R}^m$ is a nonconvex bounded set. Consider
$$
\min_{x\in X}\max_{y\in Y}x^TAy.
$$
Is this equivalent to
$$
\min_{...
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Optimal moves for maximizing perimeter?
Herman and Alex play a game on a 5×5 board. On his turn, a
player can claim any open square as his territory. Once all the
squares are claimed, the winner is the player whose territory has
the longer ...
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0answers
18 views
Splitting a game into $2$ separate games
I have a mathematical problem which I would be grateful if anyone can guide me through.
I have a game with a utility function like ($f(x)+f(y)$- $x$ and $y$ are independent) which has got unique ...
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0answers
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Commitment Games, Nash Equilibria and Subgame Perfect Nash Equilibria
Are all Nash equilibria found from the strategic form of a commitment game all subgame perfect Nash equilibria (SPNE)?
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1answer
32 views
Understand mixed strategy N.E
Problem:
I'm calculating the mixed strategy N.E for the game
$$ \vec g= \begin{bmatrix}(3,3)&(0,1)\\(1,0)&(2,2)\end{bmatrix} $$
for two players (player X plays in rows, player Y plays in ...
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0answers
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Verification of solution: Picking points on the line to optimise probability of winning (Game Theory)
I remembered this interesting question about game theory from a job application, and would like to get some verification on the solution I came up with (since I didn't get to know if it was correct). ...
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Mixed Strategy Nash Equilibrium Verification
There are 2 players. Player 1 has an infinite set of pure strategies: $[0,2]$ and player 2 has 2 strategies: $L$ and $R$.
The payoff to player 1 are $u_1(x,L)=x^2$ and $u_1(x,R)=-x$.
The payoff to ...
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1answer
20 views
Who has a winning strategy in Choquet game on rational numbers?
I know that in a real-numbers-variant of Choquet game, the player aiming for non-empty intersection has a winning strategy. Is the same true for rational numbers?
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Is the outcome of level-k reasoning different from the one of IESDS?
Level-k reasoning is based on higher levels best replying to the strategies of lower level people while iterated elimination of strictly dominated strategies (IEDS) focuses on ruling out those ...
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0answers
39 views
What do we know about the set of all games having Nash equilibrium?
Let us denote $G$ set of all games (of some particular type), and then consider $N = \{ g \in G | \mbox{game $g$ admits (mixed) Nash equilibrium} \}$. I want to ask you for some good source ...
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0answers
43 views
Modelling congestion games in python without tons of for loop
In the bidirected triangle network as shown below, 4 agents $\{s1,s2,s3,s4\}$ have their own destination $\{t1,t2,t3,t4\}$. I am trying to model this problem with a python script without any game ...
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2answers
47 views
Optimal way to stack deck against adversarial opponent?
A two-player card game is played with a deck of cards numbered 1-52, which is shuffled and placed face down. Each player draws a card from the top of the deck, then both players reveal their cards and ...
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1answer
74 views
Optimal way to stack deck against uniformly random opponent?
A card game is played by splitting a face-down shuffled deck evenly between two players. The deck consists of cards numbered 1-52. Each player reveals the top card of their deck, and the player whose ...
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3answers
143 views
Two people take turns coloring a convex polyhedron
Rachel and Beatrice take turns coloring the faces of a convex polyhedron red and blue, respectively. A player wins if she gets her color on three faces that share a common vertex. If Rachel goes first ...
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2answers
50 views
Nim-game, how many winning moves?
Let us assume that we play a nim-game (last person who draws a card, wins) and are in a position $a_1, a_2$ (sizes of piles). Assume that we have nim-sum (NS) $a \neq 0$.
How many moves are there?
...
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0answers
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Find the position for your maximize chance for winning. [duplicate]
There is a long line of people waiting outside a theatre to buy tickets. The theatre owner comes out and announces that the first person to have a birthday same as someone standing anywhere before him ...
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0answers
27 views
Colouring a triangular lattice competitive game
Suppose we have an infinite triangular lattice. In a competitive 2-person game, the players take turns colouring one point of the lattice which had not yet been coloured. There are 5 colours available....
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0answers
31 views
Convex combination and zero sum game
Hello, I have some questions regarding zero sum games and linear programming. As you all can see, in Diagram 1, there is no pure Nash Equilibrium unless if we use mixed strategy for both players.
I ...
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0answers
15 views
Reinforcement learning and Game Theory
I see very close relationship between reinforcement learning and game theory in terms of stats, actions and rewards. But I am not able to spot the differences in both methods, clearly. I have seen ...
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1answer
39 views
Amount of strategies in tic-tac-toe
So, I have this problem for my homework in which I'm asked to show that the amount of strategies for player number 1 in tic-tac-toe is between
$$9*7^8*5^{48} \text{ and } 9*7^8*5^{48}*3^{192}$$
But I ...
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0answers
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game theory (prisoner dilemma) applied to brexit
I'm not a mathematician, but I learned about the prisoner dilemma, one example of game theory, in the final chapters of the "Selfish gene".
Now I found a video pretending to apply it to the brexit ...
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3 players game theory formulation
I really confused about the formal representation of three players game theory formulation. I read several references and find a big difference in these references. I want some help to write the right ...
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1answer
56 views
3x3 pay off matrix with no dominated strategy with nash eq
Create a $3x3$ pay off matrix that does not have any dominated strategy and has exactly two Nash equilibrium. No mixed-strategy is allowed. I have tried and made this
$\begin{bmatrix}
A &B ...
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0answers
50 views
First-Price, Sealed Bid Nash Equilibrium Uniform Valuations
I'm trying to solve the following exercise: Consider a sealed bid first price auction with $2$ players in which the valuation ($v$) of each of the players is best described by a uniform distribution ...
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29 views
Why is the Shapley Value a linear mapping? What about the Prenucleolus?
The following three axioms were used by Myerson (Theorem 9.3, page 438, 1980) to fully characterise the Shapley Value as the unique solution function $\phi:G(n)\to\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfying them (notice ...
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Why are mathematical programming problems with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) harder than solving the KKT conditions?
In optimization theory a complementarity problem is a problem, where the constraints include complementarity conditions, such as
$$
u^{T}v=0, u_{i}, \geq 0, v_{i}\geq 0, u,v \in \mathbb{R}^{n}.
$$
...
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1answer
41 views
Nash Equilibrium Grandfather Problem
A grandfather is writing his will and must decide how much money he will leave to his three children: Sean, Tom, and Brad. The grandfather comes up with the following plan. Each of his children is ...
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1answer
39 views
Altruistic rational agent
is there an agent in Game Theory (or even AGT), which goal is to minimizes other's costs?
I've seen some agents that I would call "socialist", which goal is to minimize the sum, but including their ...
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What is the Nash Equilibrium of the Dollar Auction?
The dollar auction is a type of auction in which players bid money for a dollar. Whoever bids the most pays what they bid and gets the dollar. Whoever bids the second most pays what they bid and get ...
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1answer
44 views
Representing beauty contest with $n$ players in normal form game
I have a beauty contest question in which players must guess a number between $0$ and $5$. The closest score to ($p\times\text{average score}$) wins. Winners take 1 and losers take 0, whilst players ...
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1answer
45 views
A game-theoretic chess puzzle — Proof verification
I recently came up with the following chess puzzle (which has almost nothing to do with one's Chess skills):
Puzzle: Consider a variant of chess where black has to start with $1...e5$ regardless of ...
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22 views
Nash-equilibrium in mixed strategies with arbitrary payoff function
So I came across this question in an old exam from the lecture I'm currently studying for regarding nash-equilibria in mixed strategies, which for the life of me I cannot seem to be able to find an ...
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0answers
23 views
How are all kinds of equilibra in game theory connected to each other? (Please correct my summary)
I am a TA in a basic class on game theory in the economics department. I am ashamed to admit, but I do not entirely understand how all the different kinds of equilibria connected to each other. The ...
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0answers
32 views
How to divide people into groups to maximize happiness
I need to split about 100 people into n number of groups:
There should be equal numbers of freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors in each group.
There are certain preferences, such as the ...
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1answer
84 views
How to win in Battleship?
Battleship explained in wiki:
(also Battleships or Sea Battle1) is a guessing game for two
players. It is played on ruled grids (paper or board) on which each
players fleet of ships (including ...
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1answer
15 views
Derive formula for Shapley value
I have an exercise for Shapley value. As I know how to calculate it, I have an 8-element set and it would be difficult to calculate it by hand.
It is a network G(V, E), where V is the set of nodes ...
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0answers
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Ex-ante expected utility in Bayesian games
I am reading the paper "Transition Models of Equilibrium Assessment in Bayesian Game" by Kiminao Kogiso, and I saw a quite new way to define the expected utility of a player in a Bayesian game.
The ...
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1answer
40 views
is there a winning strategy, and if so what is it?
Player 1 and player 2 play a game which consists of a rectangular grid with 3 rows and 20 columns.
During each players turn they can colour a square in the grid (either a 1 x 1, 2 x 2 or a 3 x 3 ...
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1answer
34 views
Given $\epsilon \in [0, 1]$, find an analytic solution to $\underset{x \in \Delta_k | x_1 \ge \epsilon}{\text{argmax}}\;x^Tb$.
Let $\epsilon \in [0, 1]$, $b \in \mathbb R^k$, and $\Delta_k := \{x \in \mathbb R^k | x \ge 0,\; 1^Tx = 1\}$ be the unit $(k-1)$-dimensional simplex with $k\ge 2$.
Question
Find a closed-form ...
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1answer
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Does this game have a core?
I'm trying to find the core of this cooperative game:
$N = \{1,2,3\}$ and $v(\{1\})=24$, $v(\{2\})=24$, $v(\{3\})=26$, $v(\{1,2\})=42$, $v(\{1,3\})=44$, $v(\{N\})=52$.
My solution:
$x_1 \ge 24$...
