Questions tagged [artificial-intelligence]
For questions about artificial intelligence, the intelligence of machines and robots and the branch of computer science that aims to create it.
229
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Simple ranking/rating algorithm [closed]
Is there a Simple ranking/rating algorithm that calculates a score between 0 and 1 given a number of alerts along with its priority.
For example: each system can produce "Low", "Medium" and "High" ...
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1
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Risk seeking utility
I am stuck on a question in an archived course on BerkeleyX's CS188x Artificial Intelligence.
Which of the following would be a utility function for a risk-seeking preference? That is, for which ...
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Split a map into roughly equal sections directionally and put points in it
I have a 16000 x 9000 grid map and I want to split it into x sections that are preferably of equal size. Then I want to place points on each section are centers of circles with a 2200 unit radius and ...
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1
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Contradiction in Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland (DPLL) Method?!
As we see on page $10,11$ and $12$ on Google Books we know about Unit Clause (UC) and Pure Literal (PL) in DPLL Algorithms. in the following example if assign value $0$ to variables is prior to ...
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AI Parameters for Tetris-like Game
I am building an AI to play a variation of Tetris. The rules are changed in that there are 19 different types of pieces, rotation is not allowed, and the pieces can be placed anywhere in a 10X10 grid. ...
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0
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Maximizing alpha-beta pruning
A MiniMax tree is an arborescent structure generated by an AI role-playing game (e.g., tic tac toe) to simulate the player and its opponent turns, giving scores to each these turns.
In the image ...
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What aspects of convex optimization are used in artificial intelligence, if any?
I work on convex optimization with Stephen Boyd's book.
As an example, support vector machines are mentioned as an application of separating hyperplanes theorem. I am wondering if there is any other ...
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The mathematics behind AlphaGo AI and Google Deepmind [closed]
in case you are following the tech news, Google's AlphaGo beat the world Go champion Lee Sedol, not once but twice.
Here is the link of the game 2 review: http://gogameguru.com/alphago-races-ahead-2-...
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1
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Formulas of propositional logic, two sets and refutation.
Let $\alpha$ and $\beta$ be two formulas of propositional logic and set $S_\alpha$ and $S_\beta$ be the sets of clauses representing $\neg \alpha$ and $\neg \beta$, respectively. Show that if $S_\...
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How to find the optimal linear basis functions of an MDP?
Given a set of basis functions, there are many papers on finding a weight vector to linearly approximate the value function.
Is there any paper on how to find the basis functions? Is it possible to ...
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How to apply negation to a term?
EDIT:
Maybe page 18 of this paper can help.
This is a follow up from this question, where I am using ALCQ and I have this:
$\lnot(3 \le \exists \text{hasPet}.\text{Animal})$
How to apply the NOT ...
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1
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77
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Make individuals distinct
I am trying to construct an ALCQ knowledge base (KB) for some sentences. Here is what I have:
Abox (Yiannis is a person and he drinks only one kind of a coffee, frappe):
Person(YIANNIS)
$\forall$ ...
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5
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1
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State space for 8-queen problem
While reading Artificial Intelligence a Modern Approach I came across the following formulation for the 8-queen problem:
Initial state: No queens on the board.
States: Arrangements of n queens (0 <...
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2
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469
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Comparing two textbooks for machine learning
I am a Ph.D student in Electrical Engineering. I am going to study the field of machine learning and I found some textbooks to study this field.
1) Probabilistic Graphical Models: Principles and ...
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0
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How to calculate probabilities in a Bayesian network?
Consider the Bayesian network represented by the directed acyclic graph given below:
We are given the following probabilities:
P(tampering) = 0.02
P(fire) = 0.01
P(alarm | fire ∧tampering) = 0.5
P(...
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1
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LOGIC - Completeness vs Consistent
One of my exams questions were the following (translated from Hebrew)
Course is in Artificial Intelligence, and is about Logic in this question.
What is a consistent logic system?
What is a ...
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4
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Neural network cost function - why squared error?
Question: Why is the squared error most often used for training neural networks?
Context:
Neural networks are trained by adjusting the link weights.
The key factor that informs these adjustments is ...
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2
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144
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who is lying? - by using Knowledge Base by resolution
I found this question online, and tryied to solve. However, I have trouble with the methods
Here question
Three children Allison, Jack, and Frank were playing “hide and seek” game in an apartment. ...
2
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0
answers
158
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The significance of odds and logs in Bayes Naive Classification
I do understand the concept of Naive Bayesian classification, as it tries to calculate the probability of an outcome of a class given multiple evidences. It comes from the Bayes theorem and it is ...
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Is normalized RBF always better than RBF
The question is as the title. Mathematically, I want to know does the following inequation always hold for any vector $\mathbf b$?
$\mathbf b^T \mathbf B \mathbf B^+ \mathbf b \, \ge \, \mathbf b^T \...
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0
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Implicit feature space of Power Kernel
For the polynomial kernel, $K(x,y) = (x^Ty+c)^d$, the implicit feature space $\phi$ for which $K(x,y) = \phi(x)^T \phi(y)$ is of finite dimension and well known [1][2].
It is also well known that the ...
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255
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Dung's Argumentation Framework
Given an extension of Dung's argumentation framework, and all definitions therein, let $$AF_1 = \langle A,Def \rangle$$ be a framework where $$A = \{ A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H \}$$ and $$Def = \{A def G, ...
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Improving Simulated Annealing based on Measure of Goodness
can anyone answer this question or direct me to a reference that can help?
Simulated Annealing returns the current state when the end of the annealing schedule is reached and if the annealing ...
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2
answers
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binary resolution rule proof
I want to proof the binary resolution rule that is, if we For any two clauses $C_1$ and $C_2$, if there is a literal $L_1$ in $C_1$
that is complementary to a literal $L_2$ in $C_2$, then delete $L_1$ ...
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1
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Complexity analysis of alpha beta pruning of a full tree
I am trying to understand the derivation of a time complexity for an alpha-beta pruning algorithm but up till now have not found any reasonable recourse.
Many recourses claim that if you take a full ...
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3
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3k
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Reducing TIC-TAC TOE State Space by using Symmetry in Artificial Intelligence
Im learning Heuristics in AI.I see that for brute force search there are 9! states.But the textbook says that first 3 levels are reduced by symmetry.How does that work?
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249
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Math replacing natural language [closed]
Before reading any further. I ask yous to think creatively on this subject.
I was in shower and was pondering over A.I. (Strong A.I. both at human level and beyond human level) as I do from time to ...
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combine analysis and artificial intelligence
I'm sorry if I ask this question at the wrong place,
but I don't know a better one.
I am a Master's student and I am really interested in analysis, but I also
want to get into AI.
Does anyone know a ...
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1
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445
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Can you give a simple CDCL example?
I am trying to understand how Conflict-Driven Clause Learning works. After reading through the lecture slides, wikipedia article and some additional slides I found online I realized that I still can't ...
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1
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112
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Calculating Entropy
Hi there kind people,
I'm studying for an Artificial Intelligence test in a week or so, and this question is from a past paper - and it has really stumped me. Any help would be appreciated.
Thank you ...
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0
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168
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How to Calculate Values from Incoming Messages? - Evidence Propagation in Bayesian Network
I'm currently trying to wrap my head around evidence propagation in bayesian network (simple tree propagation) but I'm having trouble finding information about the process.
As an example, let's take ...
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1
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Finding the best fit of 3 categories ( restaurants/meal/person analogy problem )
I have this problem that sounds tedious and long and I'm not sure if there exist an intuitive way to solve it. The problem is related to image recognition but I will try to give an analogy to it
You ...
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1
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202
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What does the notation ab1, ab2, etc. refer to in predicate logic?
I'm trying to decipher a set of relations from a John McCarthy paper:
$$
specializes(c1,c2) \land \neg ab1(p,c1,c2) \land ist(c1,p) \supset ist(c2,p)
$$
and
$$
specializes(c1,c2) \land \neg ab2(p,...
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2
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226
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Find sectors in a racing line.
Consider the following photo:
To magnify image, right click and select open-image in new tab or something similar
The photo above is a random race circuit data I've collected. What I'm trying to do ...
0
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1
answer
468
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Bayesian Nets. No active path from X to Y, versus No inactive paths from X to Y
I am learning d-seperation in Bayes nets for my A.I. class.
What this involves is considering all paths from some node X to Y (representing random variables) and seeing whether such paths are active ...
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1
vote
1
answer
5k
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"Anything anyone eats and is not killed as a result is food" - First order logic representation
Given the required predicates:
eats(x,y) : x eats y
food(x) : x is food
killed(x) : x is killed
I am confused as to how to represent this statement in First Order Logic
Would it be
$\forall(xy)...
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1
answer
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How to calculate Full joint probability distribution
This is a past exam question, I did it wrong in the exam, I'm reviewing it right now.
The question is to compute the full joint probability of the problem below:
I draw the full joint distribution ...
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2
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228
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Are there some functions that cannot be optimized using calculus?
I've been working on a project to maximize a functions output using a genetic algorithm. However, from the limited calculus I know I thought there were methods to find the maximum of a mathematical ...
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0
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377
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feature selection for continuous variables
I wonder how exactly "feature selection" should be performed in case of continuous feature values. When feature values are discrete it is very straitforward to apply feature selection, but what to do ...
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1
answer
224
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Ellipsoidal Covariance Matrix
What does it mean when you say "Covariance matrix are highly ellipsoidal"? I am reading Regularized Discriminant Analysis" by Jerome H. Friedman 1989 and it uses this term very often "Covariance ...
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2
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What is the sigmoid *squashing* function?
I've just read the following
The basic unit ("neuron" i) performs the following computation to update its state $y_i$: it computes a weighted sum $v_i$ of its inputs $x:j$ which is passed
through ...
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3
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What Maths are the most important for Artificial Intelligence?
I am just curious about this. Please don't include anything about programming.
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Solomonoff induction , Shannon Entropy, Kolmogorov Complexity.
If Expected Kolmogorov Complexity equals Shannon Entropy why can't Shannon Entropy be used as an approximation of Kolmogorov Complexity in Solomonoff Induction?
Regarding Kolmogorov Complexity and ...
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0
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Estimating conditional probability as a function of time
My question relates to estimating from a time series a time dependent conditional probability without having a prior parametric model of anything.
Suppose I have two variables: r and I, and each can ...
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4
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Application of computers in higher mathematics
Currently the main application of computers in mathematics seems to be to compute things, i.e. to solve equations, evaluate integrals, etc.
It is at all possible to delegate the thinking of a ...
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5
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First Order Logic
Is it possible to represent the english sentence with numerical value in First order Logic.
For example if the sentence is: Nobody has more than one mother.
I am wandering who can i show the ...
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1
answer
497
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Testing critical points using newton-raphson method
I'm working on a homework assignment for my artificial intelligence course and I became a bit stuck on one part.
The problem asks to retrieve the optima of the function and then to tell for each ...
- 241
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1
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Proving that a Hessian Matrix is positive definite
I'm currently stuck on a problem for my Artificial Intelligence class. The assignment is provided at the following link:
http://courses.engr.illinois.edu/cs440/HW1.pdf
The problems that I'm stuck on ...
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1
answer
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Markov Decision Process - Optimal policy invariance to scaling in the Utility Function
The title says it all. If i use a discounted Utility Function, why is the optimal policy invariant with respect tot the scaling of the Utility Function by a positive Factor?
0
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2
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Why this first-order logic formula is not correct?
I'm studing computer science at university, in specific Artificial Intelligence. We are using Otter as Theorem prover.
I'm having some problems formalizing this:
"John, Mary and Derek are three ...
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