Alternate proof that a sequence is Cauchy Is it sufficient to show that for any $\epsilon > 0$ that there exists $N$ such that if $n$ is greater than or equal to $N$, then $d(s_n, s_{n+1})$ is less than $\epsilon$ to prove that a sequence ${s_n}$ is Cauchy?
 A: No. For example, take $s_n=\sum_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i}$.
A: In general, no, common counterexamples being $s_n = \sqrt{n}$ or $s_n = \log n$ or $s_n = \sum_1^n \frac{1}{i}$ as mentioned by Chris.
But it's not completely unfeasible that there exist metric spaces $(X,d)$ in which this is true. For example if $d$ is the discrete metric on $X$ then it is certainly true; I wonder if there are others.
A: Intuition and or process when looking for such a series: Firstly, it's going to be easier to look for an unbounded solution - it will require ingenuity to find a bounded one (though simple sequences can be found). Secondly, we don't want it to grow very quickly - we can tell if something grows quickly by taking it's derivitve. Canonical functions with such things are log(x). 
A: No, this is false in general. A standard counter-example is the harmonic series: $H_n = \sum \limits_{i=1}^n \frac{1}{i}$. It is well-known that $H_n$ diverges while $H_{n} - H_{n-1} = \frac{1}{n} \to 0$.

This situation is the sequence-analogue of the “$n$-th term test” for series: 

If $\sum a_n$ converges, then $a_n \to 0$. Equivalently, if $a_n$ does not converge to $0$, then $\sum a_n$ diverges.

You might know that the $n$-term test is a divergence test and cannot be used to assert convergence of a series. Similarly, we cannot conclude that a sequence $s_n$ converges given only that $s_{n} - s_{n-1} \to 0$.
In fact, this connection is not a coincidence. Let $\sum a_n$ be a series, and define $s_n$ be its $n$-th partial sum. Then $s_{n} - s_{n-1} = a_n$, so asking if $s_n - s_{n-1} \to 0$ is equivalent to asking whether the $n$-th term of the series goes to $0$. 

Finally, let me also touch upon Mark Schwarzmann's comment. In any ultrametric space (with an addition operation satisfying the usual properties), a sequence $s_n$ converges if and only if $s_{n+1} - s_n \to 0$. By the preceding discussion, it follows that any series $\sum a_n$ in such a space converges if and only if it passes the $n$-term test! 
Examples of such spaces include 
(i) any discrete metric, (ii) the $p$-adic numbers, and (iii) the ring of formal power series $\mathbf C[[X]]$ (with the metric $d(a, b) = 2^{-i}$ where $i$ is the smallest index where $a$ and $b$ differ). 
