Shift numbers into a different range I was wondering how can I shift my data that fall between a range lets say [0, 125] to another range like [-128, 128].
Thanks for any help
 A: You want to transform $x\in[0,125]$ to $y\in[-128,128]$. 
Assuming scales are linear, you need to do the following:
(1) "Stretch" the $x$-range of $125$ to the desired $y$-range of $256$:
$$y=\frac {256}{125}x$$
(2) Set the zero offset (i.e. value of $y$ when $x$ is zero) to $-128$:
$$y=\frac {256}{125}x-128\qquad \blacksquare$$
Check: 
$$x=0 \Rightarrow y=-128\\
x=125 \Rightarrow y=128$$
as required.
NB: the same method can be applied to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.
A: The function $$f(t) = c + \left(\frac{d-c}{b-a}\right)(t-a)$$ will map the interval $[a,b]$ onto the interval $[c,d]$ in that order (meaning $f(a)=c$ and $f(b)=d$), assuming $a\neq b$.
Addendum: It's worth checking out how one can derive this instead of just memorizing it. It's the composition of the following maps.
(1) First, apply the map $t\mapsto t-a$ so the left endpoint shifts to the origin. The image interval is $[0,b-a]$.
(2) Next scale the interval to unit length by dividing by its length (this is the only place the requirement $a\neq b$ is needed). The map that does this is $t\mapsto \frac{1}{b-a}\cdot t$. The image interval is $[0,1]$.
Then reverse the process to get at the other interval as follows.
(3) Scale up by the desired length $d-c$ using the map $t\mapsto (d-c )\cdot t$, and the image is $[0,d-c]$.
(4) Finally shift the left endpoint to $c$ by the map. $t\mapsto c+t$. The image is $[c,d]$.
Composing these maps in order gives the map I indicated at the top.
A: To map [a,b] onto [c,d], just seek the equation of the line through the points (a,c) and (b,d). A point M(x,y) will lie on this line iff det(AM, AB)=0. i.e., (x-a)(d-c)=(y-c)(b-a). Then proceed to solve this equation for y in terms of x. Straightforward algebra yields y = c + ((d-c)/(b-a))(x-a). It is therefore very easy to see that, indeed, a is mapped onto c, b to d and anything in between a and b onto something in [c,d].
