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I want to evaluate the integral: $$I=\int_{0}^{\pi/2}\ln \left ( \frac{(1+\sin x)^{1+\cos x}}{1+\cos x} \right )\,dx$$

Well, the sub $u=\pi/2-x$ does not give me any result. In fact it makes the integral more complicated that it actually is, unless I do not see something.

The method above is the only one I used since I do not see something else in this point. Any help would be grateful.

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    $\begingroup$ Not a very nice one. The antiderivative brought to you by wolfram alpha $\endgroup$ Jul 28, 2014 at 22:50
  • $\begingroup$ Mathematica returns the simple result of $\ln 4-1$ for this definite integral (though Wolfram Alpha sadly only gives the numerical result). So there's an endpoint. That said, how to get there isn't immediately obvious to me. $\endgroup$ Jul 28, 2014 at 22:51
  • $\begingroup$ @recursiverecursion Apparently the antiderivative is not elementary... , but something tells me that the definite integral can be evaluated elementary.. $\endgroup$
    – Tolaso
    Jul 28, 2014 at 22:53
  • $\begingroup$ @Semiclassical What is the result that mathematica returns? $\endgroup$
    – Tolaso
    Jul 28, 2014 at 22:54

1 Answer 1

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The idea in the following is to simplify using logarithmic identities, and then to get rid of the nasty integration term using the symmetry of the limits. $$\begin{align} I&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\ln \left ( \frac{(1+\sin x)^{1+\cos x}}{1+\cos x} \right )\,dx \\&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}[(1+\cos x)\ln(1+\sin x)-\ln({1+\cos x})]\,dx \\&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}[\cos x\ln (1+\sin x)+\ln(1+\sin x)-\ln({1+\cos x})]\,dx \\&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\cos x\ln (1+\sin x)\,dx+\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}[\ln(1+\sin x)-\ln({1+\cos x})]\,dx \\&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\cos x\ln (1+\sin x)\,dx \end{align}$$ in which the second term vanished because $$\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\ln(1+\sin x)\,dx=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\ln(1+\cos x)\,dx$$

Now performing the substitution $u=1+\sin x$, we get

$$\begin{align} I&=\int_{0}^{\Large\frac\pi2}\cos x\ln (1+\sin x)\,dx \\&=\int_{1}^{2}\ln u\,du \\&=\bigg[u\ln u-u\bigg]_1^2 \\&=2\ln2-1. \end{align}$$

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    $\begingroup$ Nicely done. +1 $\endgroup$
    – Kaster
    Jul 28, 2014 at 23:14
  • $\begingroup$ Thank you... ! I guess I had to go around a little more with this.. so that I applied logarithmic properties... which kill the integral... Anyway , nice solution $\endgroup$
    – Tolaso
    Jul 28, 2014 at 23:38
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    $\begingroup$ @Tunk-Fey Thanks for the edit $\endgroup$ Jul 29, 2014 at 2:54

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