Simple fact about class of sets. I have a simple question which is very trivial for the other people, I guess. However, I never fully understand the argument completely. Take any $X\neq\emptyset$ and let $\mathbf{S}$ be an arbitrary class of subsets of $X$. If $\mathbf{S}$ is empty than class of finite intersections of sets is a single element class $\left\{X\right\}$. Moreover, all unions of sets in this class is the two-element class $\left\{ \emptyset,X \right\}$.
For the first one argument is the following, any element $x\in X$ will be in the finite intersection of sets because there is no such set. I can see the logic but this seems very counter-intuitive. To me, if there is no set in the class intersection should be $\emptyset$. For the second one i.e. union one, I can't see the logic. Since only $X$ is in this class how come all unions yield $\emptyset$?. Thanks very much!
 A: A good thing to keep in mind is the similarity with the multiplication and sum. The intersection of nothing is the whole space, as the product of no real numbers is $1$:
$$
\prod_{x\in\emptyset} x = 1,\qquad \bigcap_{S\in\emptyset} S = X
$$
Why? Fir the second, cearly $\bigcap_{S\in\emptyset} S \subseteq X$. The other direction goes as follows: fix any $x\in X$. The goal is to show that $x\in \bigcap_{S\in\emptyset} S$. This is equivalent to saying that for all $S\in\emptyset$ one has $x\in S$... which is vacuously true, since there is no $S\in\emptyset$
(if you are more confortable with a proof by contradiction for the last part, suppose $x\notin \bigcap_{S\in\emptyset} S$: then by definition this means there exists $S\in\emptyset$ for which $x\notin S$, which can't be true since there is no $S$ to begin with. So $x\in\bigcap_{S\in\emptyset} S$).
As for the union: all finite unions possible from a set of $k$ sets include unions of $0$ sets, unions of $1$ set, unions of $2$ sets,..., unions of $k$ sets. In our case, $k=1$ (you only have $X$ in $\{X\}$, so all possible unions are $\emptyset$ (union of $0$ elements: $\bigcup_{S\in\emptyset}S=\emptyset$) and $X$ (union of one element).
(Here, think about the sum: $\bigcup_{S\in\emptyset}S=\emptyset$, as $\sum_{x\in\emptyset}S=0$.)
