The Stirling numbers of the first kind, $s(n,p)$, count the number of permutations in $S_n$ that are a product of $p$ disjoint cycles, but you are forgetting about sign! The relevant identities are:
$$n!=\sum_{p=0}^n s(n,p)n^p$$ and $$n!=\sum_{p=0}^n |s(n,p)|.$$ Often the symbol $\left[{n\atop p}\right]$ is used to denote $|s(n,p)|$, the unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind. The reason why we define the Stirling numbers of the first kind $s(n,k)$ to be signed is because then the infinite matrices $(s(n,k))_{k,n\in\mathbb N}$ and $(S(n,k))_{n,k\in\mathbb{N}}$ (where $S(n,k)$ are the Stirling numbers of the second kind) which are lower and upper triangular respectively, form a change of basis matrix pair (they are inverses of each other) that allow us to move from the power series basis of polynomials $1,x,x^2,\dots$ to umbral calculus basis $(x)_0,(x)_1,(x)_2,\dots$.