# Is there a symbol for “dependent”?

For random variables $A$ and $B$, $A \perp B$ is sometimes used to denote "A in independent of B". Is there a symbol that is commonly used to mean "A is not independent of B"?

• Perhaps $A \not \perp B$? – Jay Mar 6 '14 at 20:43
• Does $A\top B$ denote anything? – user2345215 Mar 6 '14 at 20:50
• $y=f(x)$ reads as "$y$ depends on $x$" – janmarqz Mar 6 '14 at 20:59
• @user2345215 if $\perp$ represents something like "orthogonal" then $\top$ hardly suggests "not orthogonal" – Henry Mar 7 '14 at 8:33
• No, because AFAIK it is a useless assumption. There's no non-trivial theorems of the form: "If $X$ and $Y$ are dependent random variables, then..." We tend to only name things that are useful as premises. – goblin Oct 14 '15 at 5:58

From: Wasserman, L. (2013). All of Statistics: A Concise Course in Statistical Inference, Springer.

Wasserman uses a coil symbol. I have not found the Latex symbol, yet.

From List of Symbols

• And, with all due respect to the author, this is not a good idea. – Did Jan 29 '18 at 8:03
• Why is this downvoted? This is an accurate example of a text using a symbol for dependence, exactly what the questioner wanted! Came here because I'm reading it and looking for the latex. – Joseph Garvin Apr 28 '18 at 19:16

Independence is denoted $\perp \!\!\! \perp$ not orthogonal $\perp$. Use "\perp \ ! \ !\ ! \perp" in Tex (remove space between \ and !).
A and B will be assumed to be not independent unless shown otherwise, but I know of no symbol for it.

It seems that a crossed ⫫ would do it. In latex code \nBigCI or Unicode U+2aeb. Check its use at this nice lecture on causality https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bHOGP5o3Vu0&t=2941s