# Function that is not uniformly differentiable

Define $f: A \to \mathbb R$ ($f$ differentiable)to be uniformly differentiable if and only if for $\varepsilon >0$ there exists $\delta >0$ such that

$$|h| < \delta \implies \left| {f(x + h) - f(x) \over h} -f'(x) \right | < \varepsilon$$

I am looking for an example of $f$ that is not uniformly differentiable. My idea was to choose $f$ with $f'$ sufficiently steep. For example, $f(x) = {1 \over x}$. But on $[1, \infty)$

$$\left| {f(x + h) - f(x) \over h} -f'(x) \right | = \left| {h \over x^2 (x+h)} \right | \ge \left| {h \over x+h} \right |$$

and I don't know how to use this. On $(0,1)$ I similarly can't find a lower bound on this either. Maybe $1/x$ is in fact uniformly differentiable but I coudln't bound it from above either.

My questions are: Is $1/x$ uniformly differentiable or not and how to show it. Also can you please give me an example of $f$ that is not uniformly differentiable.

• Take a function which is continuous but not uniformly continuous like $x^2$. Now integrate this function. The result is a function whose derivative is $x^2$, which is not uniformly continuous. – DiffeoR Mar 3 '14 at 10:39
• Note for any $h>0$, you can choose $x\in(0,1)$ with $h/\bigl(x^2(x+h)\bigr)\ge 1$. – David Mitra Mar 3 '14 at 10:40
• That uniformly differentiable implies the derivative is uniformly continuous is not at all trivial. I think this question requires a more elementary answer. – 6005 Mar 3 '14 at 10:42

## 1 Answer

Let $f(x) = 1/x$. As you showed,

$$\left| \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h} - f'(x) \right| = \left| \frac{h}{(x+h)x^2} \right| \\$$ For any $\delta > 0$, you can just let $h = x = \frac{1}{M}$, for some sufficiently large $M$.Then $$\left| \frac{f(x + h) - f(x)}{h} - f'(x) \right| = \left| \frac{1\; / \; M}{(2 \; / \; M) (1 \; / \; M)^2} \right| = \frac{M^2}{2}$$ so this function is certainly not uniformly differentiable. The point is that the condition for uniform differentiability requires the same value of $\boldsymbol\delta$ for all $\boldsymbol{x, h}$, i.e. $\delta$ does not depend on $x$ and $h$.