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Here is the theorem as it appears in my textbook. I am so lost with it.

For $A=(a_{ij}) \in \mathbb C^{n\times n}$ we have

$$\rho(A) \leq \max_i\sum_j^n | a_{ij}|$$

where $\rho(A)$ is the spectral radius.

I need to prove this. I have no idea how to do it. :(

The textbook I am using is Matrices and Linear Transformations by Cullen.

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  • $\begingroup$ You need to say what p is. $\endgroup$
    – Ted
    Sep 21, 2011 at 7:21
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    $\begingroup$ What is $p(A)$, did you mean the spectral radius $\rho(A)$? In that case perhaps it is helpful to you that your right hand side is the norm of $A$ induced by the maximum norm on $\mathbb R^n$. $\endgroup$
    – martini
    Sep 21, 2011 at 7:23
  • $\begingroup$ You might want to mention what textbook you're using, so people can steer you to a proof that builds from what you've already learned from the book. $\endgroup$
    – J. M. ain't a mathematician
    Sep 21, 2011 at 7:39
  • $\begingroup$ Im sorry, i just added the additional info now. For some reason, my page wasnt refreshing, so I only saw the comments and the answer now. Thanks ;) $\endgroup$
    – sarah jamal
    Sep 22, 2011 at 13:47

1 Answer 1

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Using just the Gershgorin circle theorem and some basic facts about $|\cdot|$ and $\rho(A)$ is the spectral radius of $A$ (i.e., $\max\{|\lambda|\}$ of matrix $A$). Here is a sketch of the proof.

If $\lambda$ is an eigenvalue of A then the Gershgorin circle theorem states that there exists $i$, $|\lambda - a_{ii}| \leq \sum_{j\neq i} |a_{ij}|$.

As $|\lambda - a_{ii}| \geq |\lambda| - |a_{ii}|$ we have $$|\lambda| - |a_{ii}| \leq \sum_{j\neq i} |a_{ij}|.$$ Now $$|\lambda| \leq \sum_{j} |a_{ij}| \leq \max_{i} \sum_{j} |a_{ij}|.$$

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