# A Householder matrix is symmetric

I want to show that a Householder matrix is symmetric, so I must show that $H^T = H$, but from the formula

$$H= I - (uu^T/\beta),$$

they are not equal. What's wrong with my reasoning?

EDIT: I forgot that $(uu^T)^T$ would be $(u^T)^T(u)^T$ from the following properties: $(AB)^T=B^TA^T$

• 1. These matrices are not named such because they are holding houses, but after Alston Scott Householder. 2. How can we tell you what are you doing wrong when you didn't write what were you doing? – Vedran Šego Jan 5 '14 at 22:54
• @VedranŠego: Thank you for your informative comment, I edited my question accordingly. – Gigili Jan 6 '14 at 2:51

Hint : $I$ is symmetric and $uu^{T}$ is symmetric.

Thus it follows,

$I^{T} =I$ and $(uu^{T})^{T}=uu^{T}$ (Recall that $(AB)^{T}=B^{T}A^{T}$ )

Hence $H^{T}=(I-uu^{T}/\beta)^{T}=I^{T}-(uu^T/\beta)^{T}=I-uu^{T}/\beta=H$

Verily , $H$ is symmetric.

• Could you please do it by calculating the transpose matrix and showing how it is equal to $H$? – Gigili Jan 5 '14 at 20:43
• $I^{T}=I$ and $(uu^{T})^{T}=uu^{T}$ thus $H^{T}=(I-uu^{T}/\beta)^{T}=I^{T}-(uu^{T}/\beta)^{T}=I-uu^{T}/\beta=H$ – piyush_sao Jan 5 '14 at 21:56
$$H = I - \frac {2} {u^T u} u u^T=I+\alpha \ u u^T$$
$$H^T=(I+\alpha \ u u^T)^T=I^T+\alpha \ (uu^T)^T=I+\alpha (u^T)^Tu^T=I+\alpha \ u u^T=H$$
Where I used $I^T=I$ and the basic properties of the transposed matrix, namely:
• For scalars $\lambda$ we have $(\lambda A)^T=\lambda A^T$
• $(A+B)^T=A^T+B^T$
• $(AB)^T=B^TA^T$
• $(A^T)^T=A$