# Hodge diamond of complete intersections

Suppose we have a smooth complete intersection of hypersurfaces with degrees $d_1,...,d_r$ in some $\mathbb{P}^N$. This should be a surface and in certain situations a surface of general type. What can one say about the Hodge diamond? Or what is its Grothendieck group ?

• So are you assuming $r = N - 2$ since you say you get a surface? – Dori Bejleri Dec 15 '13 at 0:23

This question is addressed in Appendix I of Topological Methods in Algebraic Geometry. Let $V_n^{d_1, \ldots, d_r}$ denote the complete intersection of $r$ generic hypersurfaces of degrees $d_1, \ldots d_r$ in $\mathbb{P}^{n + r}$. Let

$$\chi_y(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) = \sum_{p,q \geq 0} (-1)^qh^{p,q}(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r})y^p = \sum_{p \geq 0} \chi^p(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r})y^p$$

where $y$ is an indeterminate and $h^{p,q}$ are the Hodge numbers and

$$\chi^p(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) = \sum_{q \geq 0} (-1)^qh^{p,q}(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}).$$

Then Theorem 22.1.1 of the above reference says that

$$\sum_{n \geq 0} \chi_y(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) z^{n+r} = \frac{1}{(1-z)(1 + zy)}\prod_{i=1}^r\frac{(1 + zy)^{d_i}-(1-z)^{d_i}}{(1+zy)^{d_i}+y(1-z)^{d_i}}.$$

This let's you compute the numbers $\chi^p(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r})$ which aren't exactly the Hodge numbers. However, the next Theorem makes it possible to find the actual Hodge numbers from this data. Thereom 22.1.2 in the same section says that

$$h^{p,q}(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) = \delta_{p,q} \enspace \enspace \text{for} \enspace \enspace p + q \neq n,$$

$$\chi^p(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) = (-1)^{n-p}h^{p,n-p}(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) + (-1)^p \enspace \enspace \text{for} \enspace \enspace 2p \neq n$$

and

$$\chi^m(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) = (-1)^mh^{m,m}(V_n^{d_1,\ldots, d_r}) \enspace \enspace \text{for} \enspace \enspace 2m = n$$

• So, this computation based on Lefschetz hyperplane theorem? – Li Yutong Dec 15 '13 at 2:30
• Yes. In particular, the computations of theorem 22.1.2 use Lefschetz hyperplane theorem. The argument for packaging them together into the generating function of theorem 22.1.1 uses Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch to relate that generating function to the Chern classes. – Dori Bejleri Dec 15 '13 at 2:55

The Grothendieck group/ring tensor $Q$ is the same as the Severi-Chow group/ring tensor $Q$, which varies a lot when you vary your hypersurfaces. This happens already in the case of algebraic surfaces in $P^3$.

• Can you give an explicit example of this phenomena? – 54321user Aug 12 '17 at 23:04