Why is the colimit over this filtered index category the object $F(i_0)$? Let $C$ be a category with all small colimits and $F:I\to C$ a diagram with the following properties:


*

*There exists an object $i_0\in I$ such that for every other object $i$ there exists an arrow $f_i:i_0\to i$.

*For each object $i$ of $I$ there exists an arrow $g_i:i\to i_0$ such that $g_i\circ f_i=id_{i_0}$.

*The diagram is filtered.



Is it true that $\operatorname{colim} F=F(i_0)$? Why?

 A: No: the conditions are trivially satisfied for any filtered category with one object, e.g. the category freely generated by an idempotent endomorphism. 
That said, it is almost true. Consider the full subcategory of $\mathcal{I}$ spanned by $i_0$, and let $P$ be the inclusion. I claim $P$ is cofinal, i.e. that for all $i$ in $\mathcal{I}$, the comma category $(i \downarrow P)$ is connected. Indeed, $(i \downarrow P)$ is inhabited, by condition (2), and given any two morphisms $g, g' : i \to i_0$, there is a pair of morphisms $h, h' : i_0 \to j$ such that $h \circ g = h' \circ g'$ (by filteredness), and then $g_j \circ h \circ g = g_j \circ h' \circ g'$, therefore $g$ and $g'$ are connected by a cospan in $(i \downarrow P)$. Note that we do not need condition (1).
It is well-known that replacing a diagram with a cofinal one does not change its colimit, i.e. $\varinjlim F \cong \varinjlim F P$. Thus we can replace $\mathcal{I}$ with a category that has only one object (but possibly more than one morphism).
A: No. Let $\mathbf{Set}_{0,1}$ denote the full subcategory of $\mathbf{Set}$ without empty set and all singletons(such category enjoy requirements (1)-(3), and $i_0\cong\{x,y\}$), and $V\colon\mathbf{Set}_{0,1}\to\mathbf{Set}$ be an inclusion functor. The colimit of $V$ is a singletone, not $V(\{x,y\})$.
Actually, this works for many subcategories of $\mathbf{Set}$, even for $\mathbf{Set}_{\{x,y\}}$(full subcategory of $\mathbf{Set}$ with one object - fixed two-element set).
