Can one assume that $x$ and $y$ are at a fixed position? GRE 
I'm confused because I thought that one cannot assume anything is in a fixed position while on a number line. It says the answer is C but I don't understand how they can deduce that from the given information. Twice as far from $x$ as from $y$? there are no markers so how can one know if it's not drawn to scale? 
 A: It doesn't matter if the scale isn't specified all you need to know is that there is some distance between $x$ and $y$ and there are other points on the lines with various distances to $x$ and $y$. Just because you can't assume you know the distance between them does not mean that you need to throw out all your intution.
I recommend this. Place your finger on the far left of the number line. Are points in that region twice as far from $x$ as they are from $y$? To my eyes it looks like they are closer to $x$ than $y$ and therefore do not count.
Move your finger to the right till the points start  looking like they are closer to $y$ than $x$. This should be between $x$ and $y$ a bit closer to $y$ than $x$. Can you see that even though you aren't sure exactly where it is there has to be a point in that middle region which is twice as far from $x$ as it is from $y$? In other words that there is a point whose distance to $y$ is half its distance to $x$? I think it should be clear there is one point in the middle that does this.
Now keep moving your finger to the right passing through $y$. Notice that while going from the middle region to the right hand region your distance to $y$ goes to zero and then starts getting bigger again. Can you see that we are about to hit another point where $x$ is twice as far from your finger as $y$ is and that there is only one point on the right which does this? This point is the one that is as far from $y$ as $y$ is from $x$.
Hope that helps.
A: There will be one point in between $x$ and $y$ and another to the right of $y$. For the first case take $x+\frac{2(y-x)}{3}$ as the point and for the second case the point that does it is $y+(y-x)$. 
A: Take $x$ and $y$ to be any two distinct points on the number line. 
Assume $y > x$. You want $2\left| z - y \right| = \left|z - x \right|$. Then if $z>y>x$, $z = (2y - x)>y$. If $y>z>x$ then $z = \frac{1}{3} (x +2y) < y$. If we try $z=y$, $z=x$, or $y>x>z$ then we get no consistent solutions. 
