# How prove this integral $\int_0^{2\pi }{\frac{{{e^{\cos x}}\cos\left({\sin x}\right)}}{{p-\cos\left({y-x}\right)}}}dx$

show that

$$\int\limits_0^{2\pi }{\frac{{{e^{\cos x}}\cos\left({\sin x}\right)}}{{p-\cos\left({y-x}\right)}}}dx =\frac{{2\pi }}{{\sqrt{{p^2}-1}}}\exp\left({\frac{{\cos y}}{{p+\sqrt{{p^2}-1}}}}\right)\cos\left({\frac{{\sin y}}{{p+\sqrt{{p^2}-1}}}}\right);\left({p > 1}\right)$$

I think this is nice integral,But I can't show it,Thank you

• The Maple code $$int(exp(cos(x))*cos(sin(x))/(p-cos(y-x)), x = 0 .. 2*Pi)\,assuming\, p>1, y>0$$ produces the output which can be seen here. – user64494 Sep 24 '13 at 4:44
• $\displaystyle e^{\cos x} \cos (\sin x) = \text{Re} \ e^{e^{ix}}$ – Random Variable Sep 24 '13 at 5:24
• @Pedro Tamaroff: Why did you delete the answer? – Mhenni Benghorbal Dec 26 '14 at 3:06

Observe that the numerator is simply the real part of $e^{e^{i x}}$. Thus, the desired integral is simply the real part of the contour integral

$$2 i \oint_{|z|=1} dz \frac{e^z}{e^{-i y} z^2-2 p z + e^{i y}}$$

(This is derived by substituting $z=e^{i x}$, $dx = -i dz/z$, $\cos{x}=(z+z^{-1})/2$, $\sin{x}=(z-z^{-1})/(2 i)$, and doing a little algebra.)

The poles of the integrand are at $z_{\pm}=(p \pm \sqrt{p^2-1}) e^{i y}$, of which only $z_-$ is inside the unit circle (recall that $p \gt 1$). The residue at this pole is simply

$$2 i\frac{e^{(p-\sqrt{p^2-1}) e^{i y}}}{-2 \sqrt{p^2-1}}$$

and the integral is therefore, by the residue theorem, $i 2 \pi$ times this residue, or

$$\frac{2 \pi}{\sqrt{p^2-1}} e^{(p-\sqrt{p^2-1}) e^{i y}}$$

We then take the real part of the above to get the sought-after integral. Thus,

$$\int_0^{2 \pi} dx \frac{e^{\cos{x}} \cos{(\sin{x})}}{p-\cos{(y-x)}} = \frac{2 \pi}{\sqrt{p^2-1}} e^{\left (p-\sqrt{p^2-1}\right ) \cos{y}} \cos{\left [\left (p-\sqrt{p^2-1}\right ) \sin{y}\right ]}$$

as was to be shown.

• Is this technique different from mine? It is exactly the idea in my answer. – Mhenni Benghorbal Sep 24 '13 at 12:59
• @MhenniBenghorbal: Big difference is that mine is useful and yours is not. Your idea, as I noted, beyond the fact that you sub $z=e^{i x}$, is wrong. – Ron Gordon Sep 24 '13 at 13:11
• Thanks to the comment by Random variable. – Mhenni Benghorbal Sep 24 '13 at 13:17
• @MhenniBenghorbal: what's that supposed to mean? That I was only able to solve this problem because someone else had the same idea? I never claimed it was a work of genius. But, no, I did not give RV credit because I came up with that all by myself. You have no idea how I solve my problems, so it is quite presumptuous of you to post, on my answer, that I owe someone else credit. – Ron Gordon Sep 24 '13 at 13:24