The Relation of Cellular Automata to Languages In Conway's Game of Life, would a cell be considered a deterministic finite automata? Is there a language for the automata, and would it be a regular language?
In probabilistic cellular automata, are the cells considered nondeterministic finite automata, Is there a language associated with this as well, and is it too considered a regular language?
 A: Too long for a comment.
If you wish to express a single cell to be expressed as finite automaton (and provide the connection between them in some other way), then with some particular choice of input it is possible to encode as a regular language. For example, each step the automaton could be feed 8 symbols $0$ or $1$ that represent the state of its neighbors (and knowing if it had accepted or no the previous turn, it could accept or not at current step). 
On the other hand, if it were to work "by itself", then no, Conway's Game of Life is Turing-complete, and as such impossible to express as a finite state automaton. The space for Conway's Game is infinite, so it still might be possible to express it with some infinite state automaton, whatever that is.
I hope this helps $\ddot\smile$
A: In dimension 1, any cellular automaton can be seen as a finite state transducer. Therefore, for instance, the language of all finite words than can appear in some configuration after 1 step of the evolution of the CA is always a rational language. Same result for n steps.
In dimension 2, you can somehow still view the CA as a finite state transducer in order to prove that the set of words that can appear in a horizontal line is also a regular language. 
With probabilistic automata, the basic idea is to add weights to the finite state transducers considered above.
