Find the probability that a person is healthy given Covid 19? A test is (covid-19)
$(1)95 \% \text{ reliable on infected patients.}\\(2)99 \% \text{ reliable on healthy people.}\\(3) 4\% \text{ of population has virus.}\\ \text{define event: V: patient has virus}\\\qquad  \qquad S: \text{Test indicates a positive result.} \\ \Rightarrow{\text{We know: }}P(S|V) =.95, P(S^c|V^c) =.99,P(V)=.04\\\text{This test is given to a person with positive result. What is the probability }\\\text{ that this person is infected?}\\P(V|S)=\frac{P(V\cap{S})}{P(s)}=\frac{P(V)P(S|V)}{P(V)P(S|V)+P(V^c)P(S|V^c)}\\=\frac{P(V)P(S|V)}{P(V)P(S|V)+(1-P(V)(1-P(S^c|V^c)}=\frac{.04\star.95}{.04\star.95+(1-.04)(1-.99)}=.8636$
Find the probability that a person is healthy given the test says this person has a negative result. How do I solve this part any tips?
 A: Recheck your calculation.  I get $$\Pr[V \mid S] = \frac{(0.04)(0.95)}{(0.04)(0.95) + (0.96)(0.01)} = \frac{95}{119} \approx 0.798319.$$
As for your other question, you want $$\Pr[V^c \mid S^c].$$  This is solved in an analogous fashion to what you already computed:
$$\Pr[V^c \mid S^c] = \frac{\Pr[S^c \mid V^c]\Pr[V^c]}{\Pr[S^c \mid V^c]\Pr[V^c] + \Pr[S^c \mid V]\Pr[V]}.$$  I leave the computation to you.
Another way to do these calculations is to construct a frequency table based on the given probabilities for a hypothetical cohort.  Suppose the population contains $10000$ people.  Of these, $(0.04)(10000) = 400$ are infected with the virus.  The remaining $9600$ are healthy.  Of the $400$ infected people, the test is $95\%$ reliable, so $(0.95)(400) = 380$ of these will test positive and $20$ will test negative.  Of the $9600$ healthy people, the test is $99\%$ reliable, so $(0.99)(9600) = 9504$ of these will test negative, and $9600-9504 = 96$ will test positive.  In summary
$$\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
& V & V^c & \text{Total} \\
\hline
S & 380 & 96 & 476 \\
\hline
S^c & 20 & 9504 & 9524 \\ 
\hline
\text{Total} & 400 & 9600 & 10000 \\
\hline
\end{array}$$
We simply populated the corresponding joint events with the number of people we expect to meet the criteria, and the row totals $476$ and $9524$ were just the sums of the corresponding rows.
Now that we have constructed such a table, it is immediately obvious that $$\Pr[V \mid S] = \frac{380}{476} \approx 0.798319,$$ and the computation of $\Pr[V^c \mid S^c]$ is similarly performed by reading the appropriate cells in the table.
A: In a slightly simplified notation,
$$P(V^c|S^c)=\frac{P(V^c\cap S^c)}{P(S^c)}$$
$$=\frac{P(V^c\cap S^c)}{P(V^c\cap S^c+P(V\cap S^c)}$$
$$=\frac{.96\star.99}{(.96\star.99+.04*.05)} =\frac{9504}{9524}$$
Note
Actually, the simplest way for such problems which have a tendency to confuse learners, is to use a contingency table. But this may be frowned upon by  teachers who expect mathematical notation.
A good compromise is to use a simpler notation as I have done rather than expand it into its fullest form. This should be acceptable to teachers , in general, and less confusing to learners
