I would like to collect a list of mathematical concepts that have been named after mathematicians, which are now used in lowercase form (such as "abelian"). This question is partly motivated by my former supervisor, who joked (something like):
You know you've made it as a mathematician when they start using your name in lowercase.
This is a community wiki, please:
- One mathematician per answer. Please update already-existing answers if that mathematician already exists.
- Please give a brief description of the concept and the person (ideally with links to wikipedia).
- This is not about whether or not you agree with the capitalisation.
Expect your answer to be edited otherwise.