Euler's formula for triangle mesh

Question

Can anyone explain to me these two facts which I don't get from Euler's formula for triangle meshes?

First, Euler's formula reads $V - E + F = 2(1-g)$ where $V$ is vertices number, $E$ edges number, $F$ faces number and $g$ genus (number of handles in the mesh). Now my book says

Since for most practical applications the genus is small compared to the number of elements, the right hand side of the equation can be assume to be negligible. Given this and the fact that each triangle is bounded by three edges and that each interior manifold edge is incident to two triangles, one can derive the following

1. The number of triangles is twice the number of vertices $F \approx 2V$
2. The number of edges is three times the number of vertices $E \approx 3V$

Answer 1

Since we're talking about a triangle mesh, there is a fixed relationship between the number of edges and the number of faces. To derive this it's helpful to think of the mesh as being made of half-edges. A half-edge is a pair of an edge and a face it borders. The total number of half-edges in the mesh is $2E$, since each edge has two halves; and it's also $3F$, since each face touches three half-edges and this counts all the half-edges exactly once. Therefore $2E = 3F$.

By solving for $E$ or $F$ and substituting into the formula $V - E + F \approx 0$, we can easily derive your two facts:

1. $E = \frac{3}{2}F, \qquad V - \frac{3}{2}F + F \approx 0, \qquad V - \frac{1}{2}F \approx 0, \qquad F \approx 2V$.
2. $F = \frac{2}{3}E, \qquad V - E + \frac{2}{3}E \approx 0, \qquad V - \frac{1}{3}E \approx 0, \qquad E \approx 3V$.