Integral of weird function I am trying to solve the following integral
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{d\omega}{2\pi}\frac{2\tau}{1+\omega^{2}\tau^{2}}\frac{\sin^{2}\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)t/2\right]}{\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)/2\right]^{2}}
\end{equation}
for finite $\Omega$. I could only solve it for $\Omega=0$, yielding
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}=2 \left[\tau^{2}\left(e^{-t/\tau}-1\right)+\tau \thinspace t\right]
\end{equation}
I also tried to solve using the fact below
\begin{equation}
{\cal I}=\int_{0}^{t}\int_{0}^{t}dt_{1}dt_{2} e^{-|t_1-t_2|/\tau}e^{i\Omega\left(t_{1}-t_{2}\right)}=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{d\omega}{2\pi}\frac{2\tau}{1+\omega^{2}\tau^{2}}\frac{\sin^{2}\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)t/2\right]}{\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)/2\right]^{2}}
\end{equation}
although this did not help much. Any thoughts?
 A: $$I=\iint\limits_{[0,t]^2}dt_1\,dt_2\,e^{-|t_1-t_2|/\tau}e^{i\Omega(t_1-t_2)}$$
notice that:
$$|t_1-t_2|=\begin{cases}(t_1-t_2)&t_1>t_2\\0&t_1=t_2\\-(t_1-t_2)&t_1<t_2\end{cases}$$
so we could split it into two parts to make it easier:
$$0\le t_1\le t,0\le t_2\le t_1$$
$$0\le t_2\le t,0\le t_1\le t_2$$
leaving:
$$\int\limits_0^tdt_1\int\limits_0^{t_1}dt_2\,e^{-(t_1-t_2)/\tau}e^{i\Omega(t_1-t_2)}+\int\limits_0^tdt_2\int\limits_0^{t_2}dt_1\,e^{(t_1-t_2)/\tau}e^{i\Omega(t_1-t_2)}\\
=\frac{{\tau}\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{t}{{\tau}}}\left(\left(\left(\mathrm{i}{\omega}^3t+{\omega}^2\right){\tau}^3+\left({\omega}^2t-2\mathrm{i}{\omega}\right){\tau}^2+\left(\mathrm{i}{\omega}t-1\right){\tau}+t\right)\mathrm{e}^\frac{t}{{\tau}}+\left(-\mathrm{i}{\omega}^2\sin\left({\omega}t\right)-{\omega}^2\cos\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}^3+\left(2\mathrm{i}{\omega}\cos\left({\omega}t\right)-2{\omega}\sin\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}^2+\left(\mathrm{i}\sin\left({\omega}t\right)+\cos\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}\right)}{\left({\omega}^2{\tau}^2+1\right)^2}
-\frac{{\tau}\mathrm{e}^{-\frac{t}{{\tau}}}\left(\left(\left(\mathrm{i}{\omega}^3t-{\omega}^2\right){\tau}^3+\left(-{\omega}^2t-2\mathrm{i}{\omega}\right){\tau}^2+\left(\mathrm{i}{\omega}t+1\right){\tau}-t\right)\mathrm{e}^\frac{t}{{\tau}}+\left({\omega}^2\cos\left({\omega}t\right)-\mathrm{i}{\omega}^2\sin\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}^3+\left(2{\omega}\sin\left({\omega}t\right)+2\mathrm{i}{\omega}\cos\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}^2+\left(\mathrm{i}\sin\left({\omega}t\right)-\cos\left({\omega}t\right)\right){\tau}\right)}{\left({\omega}^2{\tau}^2+1\right)^2}$$
(I swapped the $\Omega$ for $\omega$ here just for speed). Whilst this result is quite long, it can be simplified and is definately do-able.
A: After some minor simplification, we have for the antiderivative
$$I=\frac{4\tau}\pi\int \frac{\sin ^2\left(\frac{1}{2} t (\omega +\Omega )\right)}{\left(\tau ^2 \omega
   ^2+1\right) (\omega +\Omega )^2}\,d\omega$$ Using $x=\frac{t (\omega +\Omega )}2$ gives
$$\int \frac{\sin ^2\left(\frac{1}{2} t (\omega +\Omega )\right)}{\left(\tau ^2 \omega
   ^2+1\right) (\omega +\Omega )^2}\,d\omega=\frac {t^3}{8\tau^2}\int \frac{\sin^2(x) }{x^2(x^2+ax+b) }\,dx$$ with $a=-t \Omega$ and $b=\frac{t^2 \left(\tau ^2 \Omega ^2+1\right)}{4 \tau ^2}$.
Let $r$ and $s$ be the complex roots of the quadratic and use partial fraction decomposition
$$\frac 1{x^2(x-r)(x-s)}=\frac{r+s}{r^2 s^2 x}+\frac{1}{r^2 (r-s) (x-r)}-\frac{1}{s^2 (r-s)
   (x-s)}+\frac{1}{r s x^2}$$ which make that we face two kinds of integratels
$$J=\int \frac{\sin^2(x) }{x^2} \,dx=\text{Si}(2 x)+\frac{\cos (2 x)-1}{2 x}$$
$$K_c=\int \frac{\sin^2(x) }{x-c} \,dx=-\frac{1}{2} (\cos (2 c) \text{Ci}(2 x-2 c)+\sin (2 c) \text{Si}(2 c-2 x)-\log
   (x-c))$$
A: Let
$$I_0=\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{d\omega}{2\pi}\frac{2\tau}{1+\omega^{2}\tau^{2}}\frac{\sin^{2}\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)t/2\right]}{\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)/2\right]^{2}}$$
After easy transformations we can write the integral in the form
$$I_0=\frac{t^3}{2\pi\tau}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dx}{a^2+(x-b)^2}\frac{\sin^2x}{x^2}$$
where $a=\frac{t}{2\tau} , \,b=\frac{\Omega t}{2}$.
We can also rewrite the integral in the form
$$I_0=\frac{t^3}{2\pi\tau}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dx}{a^2+(x-b)^2}\frac{1-\cos2x}{2\,x^2}=\frac{t^3}{2\pi\tau}\Re \,I$$
where
$$I=\frac{1}{2}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}\frac{dx}{(x-b+ia)(x-b-ia)}\frac{1-e^{2ix}}{x^2}$$
To evaluate $I$ we go in the complex plane and make a closed contour - adding a big half-circle with the radius $R\to\infty$ (counter-clockwise) in the upper half-plane, and a small half-circle with the radius $r\to0$ around $z=0$ (clockwise), also in the upper half-plane.
$$\oint=I+I_R+I_r=2\pi i\sum Res $$
We have a single simple pole inside our contour (at $z=b+ia$). It is easy to show that $I_R\to0$ at $R\to\infty$, therefore
$$I=2\pi i Res_{z=b+ia}\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{(x-b+ia)(x-b-ia)}\frac{1-e^{2ix}}{x^2}-I_r$$
But $-I_r$ give us $\,\,\pi i \,Res_{z=0}\frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{(x-b+ia)(x-b-ia)}\frac{1-e^{2ix}}{x^2}$.
Evaluating residues, we get
$$I=\frac{2\pi i}{2}\frac{1-e^{2ib-2a}}{(b+ia)^2\,2ia}+\frac{\pi i}{2}\frac{-2i}{(b-ia)(b+ia)}$$
and, after easy transformation
$$I=\frac{\pi}{a^2+b^2}\Big(1+\frac{1}{2a}\big(e^{-2i\tan^{-1}\frac{a}{b}}-e^{-2a+2ib-2i\tan^{-1}\frac{a}{b}}\big)\Big)$$
Taking the real part, putting $a$ and $b$ and switching to $I_0$, we finally get the answer:
$$\bbox[5px,border:2px solid #C0A000]{I_0=\frac{2\tau t}{1+\Omega^2\tau^2}\Big[1+\frac{\tau}{t}\Big(e^{-\frac{t}{\tau}}\cos(\Omega t+2\tan^{-1}\Omega \tau)-\cos(2\tan^{-1}\Omega \tau)\Big)\Big]}$$
It is interesting to check the answer in specific cases:

*

*$\tau=0\,\,\Rightarrow \frac{I_0}{2\tau}=t$
On the other hand,
$$\frac{I_0}{2\tau}=\int_{-\infty}^\infty\frac {d\omega}{2\pi}\frac{\sin^2(\frac{\omega+\Omega}{2}t)}{(\frac{\omega+\Omega}{2})^2}=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{-\infty}^\infty\frac{\sin^2(xt)}{x^2}dx=t$$


*$\Omega=0$
$$I_0 (\Omega=0)=2\tau t\Big[1+\frac{\tau}{t}\Big(e^{-\frac{t}{\tau}}-1\Big)\Big]$$
what is in agreement with your partial solution.

*$t=0\,\, \Rightarrow I_0=0$
Indeed,
$$I_0(t\to0)\to \frac{2\tau^2}{1+\Omega^2\tau^2}\big(e^{-\frac{t}{\tau}}-1\big)\cos(2\tan^{-1}\Omega\tau)\to 0$$
4. $\tau\to\infty$
$$I_0\to\frac{2}{\Omega^2}\Big(\cos(\Omega t+\pi)-\cos\pi\Big)=\frac{2}{\Omega^2}\Big(1-\cos(\Omega t)\Big)$$
On the other hand, using $\lim_{\epsilon\to 0}\frac{\epsilon}{x^2+\epsilon^2}=\pi\delta(x) $ (the Dirac' delta-function)
$$I_0(\tau\to\infty)=\int_{-\infty}^\infty\frac{d\omega}{\pi}\frac{1/\tau}{\omega^2+(1/\tau)^2}\frac{\sin^{2}\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)t/2\right]}{\left[\left(\omega+\Omega\right)/2\right]^2}\to\frac{4\sin^2(\Omega t/2)}{\Omega^2}=\frac{2}{\Omega^2}\Big(1-\cos(\Omega t)\Big)$$
