This was more intented to be a comment but it became to long, hope it answers your question anyway.
This one doesn't work with any further assumptions. A trivial counter example would be
$$ f_n(x)=\frac{x}{n}$$
If we restrict it to $[0,\infty)$ it will surely be bijective and continuous. Furthermore
$x_n=n$ which doesn't converge (or when it does the limit is $\infty$ regarding whether you use the one point compactification). Our $f_n$ converge pointwise to the zero function, and on compact sets the convergence is uniformly (using dinis theorem). But $x$ will be the empty set...
The bonus assumption at the end of your question should be rephrased. Because the functions $f_n(x)$ are always strictly increasing functions, because continuous + injective on a connected domain implies strict monotone, as the function should map to $[0,\infty)$ we can't have monotone decreasing. You surely mean that $f_n$ is monotone in $n$ meaning that $f_n(x)\leq f_{n+1}(x)$ for all $x$. Then we will have surely a convergent subsequence due to Bolzano Weierstraß, and as it is monotone the sequnce will be converging, as we can work in a compact set the equation will hold.
Edit: Didn't see your edit. With the edit it works. As $f$ surely isn't the zero function
there is a $x$ such that $f([0,x])= [0,2]$. If we restrict our function we see that $f$ is a continuous bijection, and as we work on a compact set it is even a homoemorphism. Hence by sequence continuity we are done.