This is an integation question, form a Physics context.
Mixing of identical fluids at different temperatures is simple, as per here:
https://physics.stackexchange.com/a/24433/290018
We have a slightly different situation in that the container is overflowing:
A container, with limited capacity, is filled with liquid, say water, at temperature $\Theta$. An additional amount of water, $V_\text{in}$ at temperature $\Theta_\text{in}$ is poured into the container. It mixes instantly and perfectly, and an identical volume overflows.
This situation can be modelled as (note specific heat capacity is assumed constant etc):
$$ \Theta+d\Theta=\frac{\Theta\times\text{capacity}+\Theta_\text{in}\times dV_\text{in}}{\text{capacity}+dV_\text{in}} $$
This is very similar to the answer above but for an incremental (and infinitely small) volume dVin producing an incremental temperature change $d Theta$.
It is easy to numerically loop over the volume to be added in small increments and thus obtain the curve of $\Theta$ (the current temperature in container) as a function of $V_\text{in}$. This curve behaves sensibly and lends confidence to the model.
The question is: How to do this analytically?
i.e. How can we obtain a $\Theta_\text{final}(V_\text{in})$, ie the final temperature after $V_\text{in}$ amount of water is added/mixed/overflowed. It seems a definite integral from $0$ to $V_\text{in}$ is required, but the multiple $dV_\text{in}$'s are confusing the issue.
NB: Also posted on Physics Stackexchange, but really this an integration question:
https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/616683/change-in-temperature-of-overflowing-container
