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I am trying to understand $\operatorname{div-curl}$ lemma. An important requirement to apply $\operatorname{div-curl}$ lemma is the precomapctness of the sequences $\operatorname{div}(A_n)$ and $\operatorname{curl}(B_n)$ in $H^{-1}(\Omega).$

What are the important compactness results which help in checking whether a sequence is precompact in $H^{-1}(\Omega)$ or not? Where can I find the details?

Are there any books which illustrate the application of $\operatorname{div-curl}$ through some examples?

Any help is appreciated..

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  • $\begingroup$ A special case of div-curl lemma is when all $\operatorname{div} A_n$ and $\operatorname{curl} B_n$ are identically zero (of course, a zero sequence is precompact). And it's still useful in this special case! $\endgroup$
    – Michał Miśkiewicz
    Commented Feb 5, 2021 at 17:38

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Usually, div curl lemma is applied for functions $A_n$ and $B_n$ that verifies $div(A_n)$ and $curl(B_n)$ are bounded sequences in $L^2(\Omega)$, which implies the precompactness in $H^{-1}(\Omega)$.

There are several applications to the Div Curl lemma, the most famous is the application to Homogeneization of PDE using Tartar's oscillating test function method. You can find informations easily on the web on this methid. Even if not using Tartar's method, div curl lemma is very often used in Homogeneization.

Hope this help a little.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thanks...So $H^{-1}$ precompactness can be achieved by showing $div{A_n}$ and $curl{B_n}$ are uniformly bounded in $L^2$ norm.. Is there any other compactness criteria $\endgroup$
    – Celestina
    Commented Jan 30, 2021 at 18:43

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