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The graph is on the interval [-3,3], defined on R
This function maintain the pattern on all of R
How to find the $f(x)$?
See how the graph goes parallel at certain intervals. I am thinking adding one more variables to indicate one of the direction. However, I cannot merge the two together.
Any thoughts?
You can use a triangle wave written in terms of sine and arcsine:
$$f\left(x\right)\ =\ \frac{1}{\pi}\arcsin\left(\sin\left(\pi\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)\right)\right)+\frac{1}{2}.$$ This gives you the following plot:
Using the absolute value function together with the floor function, you can write $$ f(x)=1-\left|x-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor\right)\right| $$ Verification:
With $f$ as defined above, we get \begin{align*} f(x+2) &= 1-\left|(x+2)-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{(x+2)+1}{2}\right\rfloor\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x+2-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}+1\right\rfloor\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x+2-\left(2\left(\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor+1\right)\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x+2-\left(2\left(\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor+1\right)\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x+2-\left(2\left(\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor+1\right)\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x+2-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor\right)-2\right| \\[4pt] &= 1-\left|x-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor\right)\right| \\[4pt] &= f(x) \\[4pt] \end{align*} so $f$ is periodic with period $2$.
It remains to verify that $f$ works correctly on the interval $[-1,1)$.
Thus suppose $f$ is restricted to the interval $[-1,1)$. \begin{align*} \text{Then}\;\;& -1\le x < 1 \\[4pt] \implies\;& 0\le x+1 < 2 \\[4pt] \implies\;& 0\le \frac{x+1}{2} < 1 \\[4pt] \implies\;& \left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor=0 \\[4pt] \end{align*} hence for $-1\le x < 1$ we get $$ f(x) = 1-\left|x-\left(2\left\lfloor\frac{x+1}{2}\right\rfloor\right)\right| = 1-|x| $$ which matches the graph for the interval $[-1,1)$.
You can define the function in part-wise intervals. For example, $$y=1-x, ~~\text{if}~ x \in [0,1] $$ Similarly, define the function for other intervals.
