Compute the area of a surface, encountering a strange integral compute the area of this yellow surface, which is actually a paraboloid:
$x^2+y^2=2az$(yellow one), cutted by $(x^2+y^2)^2=2a^2xy$(blue one)
To compute the part be surrounded in the blue surface, use polor coordinates:
\begin{cases}
x=r\cos\theta\\
y=r\sin\theta\\
z=\frac{r^2}{2a}\\
\end{cases}
use Gauss efficient to compute the area:
\begin{cases}
E=(\frac{\partial x}{\partial r})^2+(\frac{\partial y}{\partial r})^2+(\frac{\partial z}{\partial r})^2&=1+\frac{r}{a}\\ 
F=\frac{\partial x}{\partial r}\frac{\partial x}{\partial\theta}+\frac{\partial y}{\partial r}\frac{\partial y}{\partial\theta}+\frac{\partial z}{\partial r}\frac{\partial z}{\partial\theta}&=0\\
G=(\frac{\partial x}{\partial\theta})^2+(\frac{\partial y}{\partial\theta})^2+(\frac{\partial z}{\partial\theta})^2&=r^2\\ 
\end{cases}
$$S=\iint\limits_D\sqrt{EG-F^2}drd\theta$$
where D becomes $\left\{ (r,\theta )|\theta \in \left[ 0,\frac{\pi}{2} \right] \cup \left[ \pi ,\frac{3}{2}\pi \right] ,\mathrm{r}\in \left[ 0,\mathrm{a}\sqrt{\sin 2\theta} \right] \right\}$ since the blue surface can be written as $r^2=a^2\sin2\theta$.
I can't find anything wrong until now, but this intergal is extreme complex, and Mathematica give me a non elementary solution. However, the standard solution given by the text book to this question is$\frac{20-3 \pi}{9} a^{2}$
How can i get that answer? Or what's wrong with my method?
 A: By homogeneity we may assume $a=1$. Let $z=f(x,y)=\frac{x^2+y^2}{2}$, then (see surface integral)
$$\begin{align}
A_1&=\iint_D\sqrt{1+f_x^2+f_y^2}\,dxdy=\iint_D\sqrt{1+x^2+y^2}\,dxdy\\
&=2\int_{\theta=0}^{\pi/2}
\int_{r=0}^{\sqrt{\sin(2\theta)}}\sqrt{1+r^2}\cdot r\,drd\theta\\
&=\frac{2}{3}\int_{\theta=0}^{\pi/2}
((1+\sin(2\theta))^{3/2}-1)\,d\theta\\
&=\frac{2}{3}\int_{\theta=0}^{\pi/2}
(\cos(\theta)+\sin(\theta))^{3}\,d\theta-\frac{\pi}{3}\\
&=\frac{20}{9}-\frac{\pi}{3}.
\end{align}$$
For the last integral you may expand the cube and use the standard reduction formula.
Finally
$$A_a=A_1\cdot a^2=\left(\frac{20}{9}-\frac{\pi}{3}\right)a^2.$$
The same follows from
$$\begin{cases}
E=(\frac{\partial x}{\partial r})^2+(\frac{\partial y}{\partial r})^2+(\frac{\partial z}{\partial r})^2&=1+\color{blue}{\frac{r^2}{a^2}}\qquad \text{(a square is missing)}\\ 
F=\frac{\partial x}{\partial r}\frac{\partial x}{\partial\theta}+\frac{\partial y}{\partial r}\frac{\partial y}{\partial\theta}+\frac{\partial z}{\partial r}\frac{\partial z}{\partial\theta}&=0\\
G=(\frac{\partial x}{\partial\theta})^2+(\frac{\partial y}{\partial\theta})^2+(\frac{\partial z}{\partial\theta})^2&=r^2 
\end{cases}$$
and therefore $\sqrt{EG-F^2}=\sqrt{1+\frac{r^2}{a^2}}\cdot r$.
Notice that you missed a square also in the definition of the blue surface: it should be $(x^2+y^2)^2=2a^2xy$ so that in cylindrical coordinates we find $r^2=a^2\sin(2\theta)$.
A: I am coming from assumption, that to obtain desired answer you should have cylinder $(x^2+y^2)^2=2a^2xy$ in place of brought in title $x^2+y^2=2a^2xy$ (blue one).
Then we will have $\sqrt{1+z'_x{^2}+z'_y{^2}} = \frac{1}{a}\sqrt{a^2+x^2+y^2}$. After writing double integral it is enough to use usual polar coordinates, so we will have
$$S=\frac{4}{a}\int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\,d\phi \int\limits_{0}^{a\sqrt{\sin 2\phi}}r\sqrt{a^2+r^2}\,dr = \frac{4}{3} a^2 \left( \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}}(\sin \phi +\cos \phi)^3\,d \phi - \frac{\pi}{4} \right ) =\\
=\frac{4}{3} a^2  \left( 2\sqrt{2} \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \sin^3 \left( \phi+\frac{\pi}{4} \right )\,d\phi - \frac{\pi}{4}\right ) =\\
=\frac{4}{3} a^2 \left(2\sqrt{2} \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{4}} \left( \cos^2 \left( \phi+\frac{\pi}{4} \right )-1  \right )\,d \left( \cos \left( \phi+\frac{\pi}{4} \right )-1  \right ) - \frac{\pi}{4}\right ) = \frac{a^2}{9}(20-3\pi)$$
