Is there exist a formula to calculate sum of digits of an integer

I'm the novice, sorry if I can't ask more specifically.

If the given number is 2-digits integer. We have sum = number*20%199%19.

Can you prove the above formula? And if it is an n-digits integer, what is the formula?

Thanks so much!

• would this help Mar 3, 2020 at 6:58
• @Babydesta I know we can use for-loop or while-loop for calculating it. But I ask if it exists a formula for the general case. Thank u though. Mar 3, 2020 at 7:01
• For two digit number. if $n = [ab]$ where $a$, $b$ denote the digits. Then $b = n\%10$ and $a = \frac{n-b}{10}$, thus $sum = (n\%10) + ( \frac{n-b}{10})$ Mar 3, 2020 at 7:06
• For three digit number. if $n = [abc]$, then $c = n\%100$ and $[ab] = \frac{n-c}{10}$ , and so on Mar 3, 2020 at 7:09
• If $n = [a_0a_1...a_k]$, then $a_k=n\%10^{k-1}$, and $[a_0a_1...a_{n-1}] = \frac{n-a_k}{10}$, (ofcourse don't forget to replace $a_k$ with the previous calculated value) and so on Mar 3, 2020 at 7:12

Why does your formula work? Multiplication by $$20$$ shifts all digits one to the left and doubles them (possibly generating one carry to their left). Taking remainder modulo $$199$$ "equates" $$200$$ with $$1$$, hence for brings the original tens (now double-hundreds) to the unit place (while the one possible carry is ignored). After that, $$19$$ repeats the trick one place down.

This generalizes - with caveats. We might think that for three digits we can go by $$(((20n)\bmod 1999)\bmod 199)\bmod 19$$ but this fails: The final result cannot be $$\ge 19$$ whereas $$999$$ should produce $$27$$ as result. Also, after bringing the original hundreds and tens to the unit place, they may cause an additional carry so that the factor $$2$$ is not save enough any more. We could switch to a factor of $$30$$, but why not use $$100$$ and solve the problem for up to eleven digits (i.e., all that are guaranteed to have a digit sum of at most two digits)? \begin{align}(((((((((((100n)&\bmod 9999999999999)\bmod 999999999999)\\&\bmod 99999999999)\bmod 9999999999)\\&\bmod 999999999)\bmod 99999999)\\&\bmod 9999999)\bmod 999999)\\&\bmod 99999)\bmod 9999)\bmod 999)\bmod 99 \end{align}

• I still don't understand how it can return sum of the number. Mar 3, 2020 at 8:04

Hint:

If $$n = [a_0a_1...a_k]$$, then

$$a_k=n\%10^{k-1}$$, and

$$[a_0a_1...a_{k-1}] = \frac{n-a_k}{10} = \frac{n-n\%10^{k-1}}{10}$$,

I found a closed form for Sum of digits of $$n$$ in base $$10$$ $$=$$ $$\sum_{k=0}^{m} [\frac{n}{10^k}]-10\times [\frac{n}{10^{k+1}}]$$ where $$10^m$$ is the largest power of $$10$$ less than ot equal to $$n$$ and $$[]$$ is the floor function. The rationale behind this is that taking the floor of $$\frac{n}{10^k}$$ 'deletes' the last $$k$$ digits.So one can use this to obtain the $$k$$th digit as $$[\frac{n}{10^{k-1}}]-[\frac{n}{10^k}].Now just sum from$$k=1$$to$$k=\$ the number of digits of n.

Remark: Using this similar technique one can extend this to arbitrary bases.Particularly in the case of $$base-p$$ where $$p$$ is prime we have the following note that $$\left\lfloor\frac{(n)_p}{p}\right\rfloor$$ is the number formed by removing the last digit of $$(n)_p$$.So $$\left\lfloor\frac{(n)_p}{p^{k-1}}-\right\rfloor -p\times\left\lfloor\frac{(n)_p}{p^k}\right\rfloor$$ is the $$k$$th digit of $$(n)_p$$ using this we can find each digit and sum them to get $$S_p(n)=\sum_{k=1}^{m}{\left\lfloor\frac{(n)_p}{p^{k-1}}-\right\rfloor -p\times\left\lfloor\frac{(n)_p}{p^k}\right\rfloor}$$ now expanding and using Legendre we see that $$S_p(n)=v_p(n!)-p.v_p(n!)+n$$ Hence we get $$v_p(n!)=\frac{n-S_p(n)}{p-1}$$ $$\blacksquare$$