Where do we use path-connectedness in the proof of van Kampen's theorem? I have a question about the proof of Van Kampen's theorem in Hatcher's book, which is theorem 1.20 on p43) (see here: https://pi.math.cornell.edu/~hatcher/AT/AT.pdf)
Where exactly in the proof of this theorem does one use that triple intersections remain path connected? It seems that Hatcher critically uses this to show that $\gamma_0$ and $f_1* \dots* f_k$ have equivalent factorisations (and similarly for $\gamma_{mn}$ and $f_1' * \dots * f_l'$). 

Do we need this earlier? In particular, for example to prove that
  $\gamma_1$  and $\gamma_2$ have the same factorisation, do we already
  need that triple intersections are path-connected? It looks like we
  only need that pairwise intersections must be path-connected to prove
  this?

 A: Almost all of the vertices belong to three rectangles; for example, in the figure with the numbered rectangles, there is a vertex at the intersection of rectangles 2, 3, and 6, and another vertex at the intersection of rectangles 3, 6, and 7. When we insert the paths $\bar{g}_v g_v$, we want those paths to lie in all three $A_{ij}$'s corresponding to the three rectangles (whenever there are three).
Let's focus on the vertex at rectangles 2, 3, and 6 (call it $v_{236}$). For convenience, let's also notate by $A_r$ the $A_{ij}$ into which $F$ maps $R_r$. When we move downward from $v_{236}$ along the edge between 2 and 3 (as we do for $\gamma_2$), we're producing a homotopy class in either $\pi_1(A_2)$ or $\pi_1(A_3)$. That means that the entire loop $\bar{g}_{v_{236}} \cdot F|\gamma_{236 \to 23} \cdot g_{v_{23}}$ which represents this class must lie in both $A_2$ and $A_3$, where $\gamma_{236 \to 23}$ is the path between rectangles 2 and 3. In particular, $\bar{g}_{v_{236}}$ must lie in both $A_2$ and $A_3$.
However, we could also move to the right from $v_{236}$ to $v_{367}$, as we do for $\gamma_3$ (before continuing rightward to $v_{347}$). But this loop, which lies in $A_3$ and $A_6$, also starts with $\bar{g}_{v_{236}}$! That means that $\bar{g}_{v_{236}}$ must lie in $A_2 \cap A_3 \cap A_6$. Thus, in order to produce the path $g_{v_{236}}$ from the basepoint to $F(v_{236})$, we need to assume that $A_2 \cap A_3 \cap A_6$ is path-connected.
