Is there any finite simple group $G$ such that $G$ has a maximal subgroup of the form $\mathbb{Z}_{p}\ltimes\mathbb{Z}_{p^2}$, for some prime divisor $p$? In case the answer is positive please guide me to find a classification of such simple groups. Otherwise please give a proof for nonexistence of such maximal subgroups.
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2$\begingroup$ No, according to this MO answer by Geoff Robinson. $\endgroup$ – YCor Oct 30 '19 at 11:09
By a theorem of Thompson, if a finite group has a nilpotent maximal subgroup of odd order, it is solvable.
Janko and Deskins have shown that if a finite group $G$ has a maximal Sylow $2$-subgroup of class $\leq 2$, then $G$ is solvable. Proofs can also be found in Endliche Gruppen I by Huppert: Satz 7.4, p. 445.
It is immediate from these results that if a finite simple group has a maximal Sylow $p$-subgroup $P$, then $p = 2$ and $|P| \geq 16$. (Note that $\operatorname{PSL}(2,17)$ has a maximal Sylow $2$-subgroup of order $16$.)
References:
[1] J. Thompson, Finite groups with fixed-point-free automorphisms of prime order. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 45 (1959) 578–581.
[2] Z. Janko, Finite groups with a nilpotent maximal subgroup. J. Austral. Math. Soc. 4 (1964) 449–451.
[3] W. E. Deskins, A condition for the solvability of a finite group. Illinois J. Math. 5 (1961) 306–313.
[4] J. S. Rose, On finite insoluble groups with nilpotent maximal subgroups. J. Algebra 48 (1977) no. 1, 182–196.
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$\begingroup$ @ Mikko Korhonen. Many thanks for your helpful and complete answer. $\endgroup$ – H.Shahsavari Oct 30 '19 at 15:24