Where are secant, cosecant, and cotangent applied? The textbook we use says:

The cosecant function and the secant function are the reciprocal
  functions of the sine function and the cosine function, respectively,
  and thus are also periodic functions. Their graphs are not as useful
  and are seldom encountered because the cosecant is undefined at values
  of theta where the sine has a value of zero and the secant is
  undefined where the cosine has a value of zero.

I don't know of any applications for these functions outside pure mathematics. Where are they applied outside pure mathematics (if they are applied)?
 A: Their graphs are often useful... though maybe not in rectangular coordinates.  Plot $r=\sec(\theta) $ or $ r=\csc(\theta)$ in polar coordinates - you get a straight line a distance $1$ from the origin.  Consequently, they are useful when you want to solve "straight line" problems in polar coordinates.
In general, polar equations are nice in physics problems because macroscopic force laws often are dependent only on the distance between two particles.  You might end up using secant if you are calculating electrical interactions between a point charge (the origin) and an infinite straight charged wire at a distance $d$, parametrized by $r=d\sec(\theta)$.  The contribution of any point on the wire to the electric field will depend on its distance $d\sec(\theta)$ from the origin.
Another example: if you are standing a distance $d$ from a long straight road watching a car go along, and you want to find the rate $d\theta/dt$ you have to turn your head to watch the car at a certain point, I believe you will find yourself differentiating $\sec$ or $\csc$ if you solve it as a related rates problem.
A: Using sec and csc is an anglo saxon tradition: In France for instance, we use ONLY cos and sin (cot occasionaly appears). I got an engineering degree in France without seeing sec and csc ever but they are averywhere in American and Australian textbooks.
I wonder what they do in other countries?
Laure
