# Evaluate $I = \int_{0}^{1} \frac{e^x - 1}{x} dx$ with Taylor Polynomial.

Evaluate $$I=\int_0^1 \frac{e^x-1}{x} dx.$$

The way I am trying to do this is by substituting $$e^x$$ with $$p_n(x)$$ and $$R_n(x)$$, the $$n$$-th Taylor Polynomial and its associated remainder.

Would it be fair to say that $$I = \int_0^1 \frac{p_n(x) + R_n(x) - 1}{x}dx$$ and then the Remainder of $$I$$ given the current approximation polynomial is $$\int_0^1 \frac{R_n(x)}{x}dx?$$

If that's the case then the problem is easy. But if not then I am unsure how to proceed. The hint my book gave me was to expand the exponential with its Taylor polynomial and remainder.

Hint: $$e^x=1+x+\frac{x^2}{2}+\frac{x^3}{6}+...=\sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!},$$ so $$e^{x}-1=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{x^n}{n!}$$, hence $$\frac{e^x-1}{x}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{x^{n-1}}{{n!}}.$$

Then,

$$\int_{0}^{1}\frac{e^x-1}{x}\,dx=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \int_{0}^{1}\frac{x^{n-1}}{n!}dx=\sum_{n=1}^\infty\bigg[\frac{1}{n}\frac{x^n}{n!}\bigg]_{x=0}^{x=1}=\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n\cdot n!}$$

First note that near $$0$$ we have : $$\frac{e^x-1}{x} \sim 1$$ hence your improper integral is well defined.

Use the fact that :

$$e^x = \sum_{n = 0}^n \frac{x^n}{n!}$$

Thus :

$$\frac{e^x - 1}{x} = \sum_{n = 1}^\infty \frac{x^{n-1}}{n!}$$

Hence we get :

$$\int_0^1 \frac{e^x-1}{x} \mathrm{d}x = \sum_{ n = 1}^\infty \int_0^1 \frac{x^{n-1}}{n!} \mathrm{d}x$$

N.B : it's possible to interchange integrand an sum here since $$\forall n \geq 1, \int_0^1 \frac{x^{n-1}}{n!} \mathrm{d}x \leq \frac{1}{n!}$$ which is the general term of a convergent serie

• Ah of course. This makes sense. How would I go about picking an index for the sum so that I may compute it and give an upper bound for the error? – raka Feb 3 '19 at 21:42

$$I=\int_0^1 \frac{e^x-1}{x} dx$$ $$=\int_0^1 \frac{\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^n}{n!}-1}{x} dx$$ $$=\int_0^1 \frac{\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^n}{n!}}{x} dx$$ $$=\int_0^1 \sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{n-1}}{n!} dx$$ $$=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\int_0^1 \frac{x^{n-1}}{n!} dx$$ $$=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\Big[\frac{x^{n}}{n\cdot n!}\Big]_0^1$$ $$=\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n\cdot n!}$$