Hensel Lifting and solving with mods I need to use the Hensel-Newton method (aka Hensel Lifting) to find all solutions of:
$$x^2 + x + 47 \equiv 0\:(\text{mod } 343)$$
Note: $$ 343 = 7^3 $$
I don't really understand Hensel Lifting so I am not sure where to begin.  Can someone help give me a better understanding of Hensel Lifting and how to start this problem?
 A: Begin with 
$$f(x)=x^2+x+47=x^2+x+5\pmod 7=(x-1)(x+2)\pmod 7$$
and we have two roots modulo $\,7\,:\;\;1\,,\,-2=5\pmod 7\,$
Now, from Hensel's Lemma's proof , we have
$$s=1+a\cdot7\;\;,\;\;a:=-\frac{f(1)}{7}f'(1)^{-1}=$$
$$-\frac{49}{7}\cdot 3^{-1}=-7\cdot 33=-231=14\pmod {49}$$
so $\,s=1+14\cdot 7=99\pmod {49}=1\pmod{49}\,$ is a root of $\,f(x)\pmod{49}\,$
and
$$a=-\frac{49}{49}3^{-1}=-229=114\pmod{343}\Longrightarrow s=1+114\cdot 49=99\pmod{343}$$
is a root of $\,f(x)\pmod{7^3}\,$...
You can repeat the above for the other root, namely $\,5\pmod 7\,$
A: Let's start modulo $7$.
By trial and error, we find $x^2+x+5\equiv 0\pmod 7$ has the solutions $x\equiv 1$, $x\equiv 5$.
Now if $x^2+x+47\equiv 0\pmod{49}$ then $x=x_0+7y$ with $x_0\in\{1,5\}$.
Hence $x^2+x+47=(x_0^2+14x_0y+49y^2)+(x_0+7y)+47\equiv (x_0^2+x_0+5)+7\cdot(2x_0y+y+6)\pmod{49}$, where we already know that the left hand side is a multiple of $7$. Hence we have to solve
$$ \frac{x_0^2+x_0+5}7+(2x_0+1)y+6\equiv0\pmod 7.$$
If $x_0=1$, this leads to $3y+7\equiv 0$, i.e. $y\equiv 0$. If $x_0=5$, we obtain $11y+11\equiv 0$, i.e. $y\equiv 6$.
Thus the only solutions modulo $49$ are $x\equiv 1\pmod{49}$, $x\equiv 47\equiv -2\pmod{49}$.
Now if $x^2+x+47\equiv 0\pmod{343}$, then $x=x_1+49z$ with $x_1\in \{1,-2\}$.
Hence 
$$ x^2+x+47 = x_1^2+2\cdot 7^2x_1z+7^4z^2+x_1+7^2z+47\\\equiv(x_1^2+x_1+47)+7^2(2x_1+1)z\pmod{343}.$$
Again, this is trivially a multiple of $49$ and we are lead to solve
$$\frac{x_1^2+x_1+47}{49}+(2x_1+1)z\equiv 0\pmod{7}.$$
With $x_1=1$, this is $3z+1\equiv 0$, i.e. $z=2$ and $x\equiv99\pmod{343}$.
With $x_1=-2$, this is $-3z+1\equiv0$, i.e. $z=-2$ and $x=-100\pmod{343}$.
A: It's easy: $\rm\: mod\ 7\!:\ f(x) = x^2\!+x+47\equiv x^2+x-2 \equiv (x+2)(x-1)\:\Rightarrow\: x\equiv 1,\: -2.$
Case $\rm 1\!:\,\ x\equiv 1\,\ (mod\ 7).\:$ Thus $\rm\:x = 1\!+\!y,\,\ 7\mid y.\:$ $\rm\: f(1\!+\!y) = y^2\color{#C00}{+3}y+49\ $ hence
$\rm\ mod\ 49\!:\ 7\,|\,y\:\Rightarrow\: y^2\!\equiv 0\:$ $\Rightarrow$ $\rm\: f(1\!+\!y)  \equiv 3y\equiv 0\: \Rightarrow\: y\equiv 0,\,\ $ so $\rm\,\ y = 49z\ $ above gives
$\rm\ mod\ 343\!:\ f(1\!+\!y) \equiv 49^2 z^2 + 3(49z) + 49\equiv 49(3z\!+\!1)\equiv 0\,$ so $\rm\,7\,|\,{3}z\!+\!1\,\Rightarrow\,z\equiv \frac{-1}3\equiv \frac{6}3\equiv 2\ mod\ 7$
$ $ Therefore $\rm\: x \equiv 1\!+\!y\equiv 1\!+\!49z \equiv 1+49\cdot 2 \equiv 99\:\ (mod\ 343).$
Case $\rm\: 2\!:\, x\equiv -2\,\ (mod\ 7).\:$ Similar, but $\rm\:f(y\!-\!2) = y^2\!\color{#C00}{-3}y+49\:$ so $\rm\:z\equiv \frac{-1}{-3}\equiv -2\equiv 5,$ $\rm\,x\equiv 1\!+\!49\cdot 5$
