[Citation: S. Morris "Topology without Tears" problem 6.2.11.iii]
Here's the problem:
"A topological space $(X,\tau)$ is said to be a sequential space if every sequentially closed set is closed. Prove that a topological space is a sequential space if and only if every sequentially open set is open. Deduce from this that if $X$ is an uncountable set and $\tau$ is the countable-closed topology on $X$ of exercise 1.3 #6, then $(X,\tau)$ is not a sequential space."
I get the first proof, but I'm not sure about the "deduce" part. It seems to suggest finding a seq. open set that is not open, but I don't see how to do it that way. I think I'm missing something and/or making it more difficult than it needs to be.
Here's my attempt:
If we can find a seq. closed set that is not closed, then $X$ cannot be a seq. space.
Fix an element $a\in X$, and consider the proper subset $S=X\setminus \{a\}$
Since $X$ is uncountable, we know $S$ is also uncountable.
Since $\tau$ is the co-countable topology, we know that $S$-uncountable is not closed.
But $S$ is sequentially closed by the following argument:
For any element $b\in S$, consider the sequence $S_b = \{b, b, b, ...\}$. Clearly, $S_b \rightarrow b\in S$.
Now, show that $a\not\in S$ is not the limit of any sequence in $S$:
Note that any sequence $S_n$ of elements of $S$ is a countable set, and let $M = \{x: x = x_n$ for some $x_n\in S_n\}$ Therefore, the set $X\setminus M$ is open.
But note also that since $a\not\in S$, we have that $a\in X\setminus M$ for all possible sequences $S_n$.
That means that for any sequence $S_n = \{x_1, x_2, x_3, ...\}$ taken from $S$, there exists an open set $X\setminus M$ containing $a$ but not containing any of the sequence elements.
(*) By the definition of convergence of sequence, we say $S_n\rightarrow a$ if for each open set $U$ containing $a$ there exists a positive integer $N$ such that $\forall n\geq N$, $x_n\in U$.
But $X\setminus M$ is an open set containing $a$ that contains none of the elements in the sequence $S_n$.
Therefore, there can be no positive integer $N$ such that $\forall n \geq N$, $x_n\in X\setminus M$.
Since this is the case for every sequence in $X\setminus\{a\}$, there is no sequence $S_n$ taken from $S$ such that $S_n \rightarrow a$.
Therefore, $S$ is sequentially closed.
But we saw that $S$ is not closed.
So, we have found a seq. closed set that is not closed. Therefore, $(X,\tau)$ is not a sequential space.