# Equicontinuity of the Image of a set of Functions under an Integral Operator.

Let $$X = C([0,1])$$ be the Banach space of continuous functions on $$[0,1]$$ (with the supremum norm) and define a map $$F:X\rightarrow X$$ by $$F(f)(x)=\int^{x}_{0} \cos(f(t)^{2})dt, \space x \in [0; 1].$$ Show that $$FX=\{F(f):f \in X \} \subset X$$ is relatively compact.

This comes down to using the Arzela-Ascoli Theorem. I have shown pointwise boundedness. I am stuck on showing equicontinuity. So far I have tried the following \begin{align} |(F(f)-F(g))(x)| &= \Big{|} \int^{x}_{0} \cos(f(t)^{2}-\cos(g(t)^{2}) dt \Big{|} \\ &\leq \int^{x}_{0}| \cos(f(t)^{2})-\cos(g(t)^{2})| dt\\ &= \int^{x}_{0} \Big|f(t)^{2}-g(t)^{2}| dt \end{align}.

I am stuck at this point, as I do not know how to bound the term inside the integral. Any hints on how to proceed from here or whether this approach is incorrect, and if so, which approach to take? Thank you in advance.

(1) Uniform boundedness. We must show that there exists an $$M \geq 0$$ such that $$\left| \int_0^x \cos (f(t)^2) dt \right| \leq M$$ for any $$f \in C([0,1])$$ and any $$x \in [0, 1]$$.
Hopefully it should be clear that this works with $$M = 1$$. You might like to verify this using the observation that $$| \cos(f(t)^2) | \leq 1$$ for any $$f \in C([0,1])$$ and any $$t \in [0,1]$$.
(2) Equicontinuity. We must show that, for any $$\epsilon > 0$$, there exists a $$\delta > 0$$ such that $$| x - y | < \delta \implies \left| \int_x^y \cos (f(t)^2) dt \right| < \epsilon$$ for any $$f \in C([0,1])$$ and any $$x, y \in [0,1]$$.
I believe this works with $$\delta = \epsilon$$. Again, you might like to prove this using the fact that $$| \cos(f(t)^2) | \leq 1$$ for any $$f \in C([0,1])$$ and any $$t \in [0,1]$$...
• Since F is a map taking functions to functions. Shouldn't x and y be points in $\mathcal{C}([0,1])$? – Joe Man Analysis Oct 28 '18 at 21:14
• @JoeManAnalysis No. The map $F$ plays no role whatsoever in the statement of Arzela-Ascoli. Think of $\mathcal S := F(C([0,1]))$ as a family of continuous functions on $[0,1]$. The question is: how do we know that the family $\mathcal S$ is precompact within $C([0,1])$? And the solution is to apply Arzela-Ascoli to the family $\mathcal S$. – Kenny Wong Oct 28 '18 at 21:19