# Show $\int_0^{2\pi} \exp\left(\frac{7+5 \cos x}{10+6\cos x}\right) \cos \left( \frac{\sin x}{10+6 \cos x} \right) dx = 2\pi e^{2/3}$ Real Methods

Taken from the post: The Integral that Stumped Feynman?

I want to know if the integral:

$$\int_0^{2\pi} \exp\left(\frac{7+5 \cos x}{10+6\cos x}\right) \cos \left( \frac{\sin x}{10+6 \cos x} \right) dx = 2\pi e^{2/3}$$

can be evaluated using strictly real methods.

I've tried series of $e^x$ and $\cos x$ but to no avail. I tried differentiating under the integral, but nothing seemed to come out of it. Is there any wizardry that can conjure up this answer without complex analysis.

• Would Weierstrass substitution help? – Henry Lee Sep 10 '18 at 11:34
• Just gave it a try, didn't seem to get anywhere. – Tom Himler Sep 10 '18 at 14:53
• Hmmm. Is there no way you could use complex analysis rather than strictly real? – Henry Lee Sep 10 '18 at 14:54
• Since exp(a+b)=exp(a)exp(b) then the equality is equivalent to something like: $\int$ exponential() cosinus()=$2\pi$ – FDP Sep 10 '18 at 15:47
• Does this solution not count? – Caddyshack Sep 11 '18 at 19:52

Start with $\tan \left(\frac{x}{2} \right)$$=2\tan \left( \frac{t}{2} \right)$$I=2\int_0^{\pi} \exp\left(\frac{7+5 \cos x}{10+6\cos x}\right) \cos \left( \frac{\sin x}{10+6 \cos x} \right) dx=8e^{5/8}\int_0^{\pi}\exp\left(\frac{\cos t}{8}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\sin t}{8}\right)\frac{dt}{5-3\cos t} $$Using$$ \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} a^{n} \cos(nx) = \frac12\left(\frac{1-a^{2}}{1-2 a \cos x + a^{2}}-1\right)$$we can rewrite$$\frac{1}{5-3\cos x} =\frac14 +\frac12 \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{3^n} \cos (nx) $$thus we have$$I=2e^{5/8} \int_0^\pi \exp\left(\frac{\cos t}{8}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\sin t}{8}\right) dt +4e^{5/8} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{3^n} \int_0^\pi \exp\left(\frac{\cos t}{8}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\sin t}{8}\right) \cos(nt )dt =2\pi e^{5/8}+4e^{5/8}\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{3^n} I(n)$$I dont know how to evaluate I(n), but maybe someone can help.$$I(0)=\pi,I(1)=\frac{\pi}{2^4}, I(2)=\frac{\pi}{2^8}, I(3)=\frac{\pi}{3\cdot 2^{11}}, I(4)=\frac{\pi}{3\cdot2^{16}},I(5)=\frac{\pi}{3\cdot 5 \cdot 2^{19}} I(6)=\frac{\pi}{3^2\cdot5\cdot 2^{23}}, I(10)=\frac{\pi}{3^4\cdot5^2\cdot 7 \cdot 2^{39}}, I(20)=\frac{\pi}{3^8\cdot5^4 \cdot 7^2\cdot11\cdot 13\cdot 17\cdot 19\cdot 2^{79}}$$Edit: As seen here: https://math.stackexchange.com/a/2913057/515527 I(n) =\frac{\pi} {2^{3n+1}n!}, plugging this into the sum and using the series for e^x will give the result immediately.. Another approach to evaluate I(n) is to use that$$\exp\left(\frac{\cos t}{8}\right)\cos\left(\frac{\sin t}{8}\right)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{\cos(nt)}{8^nn!}$$Since$$\int_0^\pi \cos(nx) \cos(mx) dx=\begin{cases} \frac{\pi} {2} & n=m \\ 0 & n \neq m\end{cases}$$We get that$I(n) =\frac{\pi} {2} \frac{1} {8^n n!} $and the result follows. • We might conjecture that$I(n) = \pi/2^{4n}$– user370967 Sep 11 '18 at 8:40 • Well, this way we get$I=\frac{98}{47}\pi e^{5/8}$, Unfortunately$ \frac{98}{47}\pi e^{5/8}-2\pi e^{2/3}= 0.000073...\$ :( – Zacky Sep 11 '18 at 8:54