Associative laws with negation Is it possible to simplify a statement like the one below with the associative law despite the negation? I can't seem to find a law that outlines this. The associative law is the closest I could find.
\begin{align}
\ (\lnot p \land \lnot q) \ \lor \ q 
\end{align}
If the above is possible, is it also possible if only one variable in the brackets were to be negated like the below?
\begin{align}
\ (p \land \lnot s) \ \lor \ s 
\end{align}
Thanks.
 A: Associative low holds only when three formulas are put together by two occurrences of the same connective $\land$ or $\lor$. For instance:
\begin{align}
(\lnot p \land \lnot q) \land q &\equiv \lnot p \land (\lnot q \land q) &&\text{or} & (\lnot p \lor \lnot q) \lor q &\equiv \lnot p \lor (\lnot q \lor q)
\end{align}
So, you cannot use associative law in your formula $(\lnot p \land \lnot q) \lor q$.
Indeed, you can easily check that the the truth table of your formula $(\lnot p \land \lnot q) \lor q$ is different from the one of $\lnot p \land (\lnot q \lor q)$.
However, you can simplify your formula $(\lnot p \land \lnot q) \lor q$, but using other logical equivalences instead of associative law (I refer to the ones listed here):
\begin{align}
 (\lnot p \land \lnot q) \lor q &\equiv (\lnot p \lor q) \land (\lnot q \lor q) &&\text{distributivity} \\
 &\equiv \lnot p \lor q &&\text{identity}
\end{align}
where in the last equivalence the identity law can be applied since $\lnot q \lor q$ is a tautology (i.e. it is true under any valuation).
Note that in the simplification above the fact that there is a negation $\lnot$ in front of $p$ does not play any role, so you can simplify in the same way also your second formula:
\begin{align}
 (p \land \lnot s) \lor s &\equiv (p \lor s) \land (\lnot s \lor s) &&\text{distributivity} \\
 &\equiv p \lor s &&\text{identity.}
\end{align}
A: When applying the rules, the negation play no role.
Your expression is 
$$(a\land b)\lor c,$$ and can be rewritten
$$(a\lor c)\land(b\lor c)$$ by virtue of distributivity (not associativity).
Now plugging the actual arguments,
$$(\lnot p\land \lnot q)\lor q=(\lnot p\lor q)\land(\lnot q\lor q)$$ which can be simplified.
You second expression can be handled the same way.
A: This is such a common pattern that it has its own name:
Reduction
$$p \land (\neg p \lor q) \Leftrightarrow p \land q$$
(together with all its variants, like $\neg p \land (p \lor q) \Leftrightarrow \neg p \land q$; $(\neg p \lor q) \land p \Leftrightarrow q \land p$; and its dual $p \lor (\neg p \land q) \Leftrightarrow p \lor q$ )
Note that in all cases the $q$ can be any statement, so yes, sure, that can be a negation
The equivalence can also be seen as a specific instance of Resolution
