# When does equality for $x_n < y_n \Rightarrow \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} x_n \leq \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} y_n$ hold? [closed]

Let $(x_n)$ and $(y_n)$ be 2 sequences such that $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} x_n$ and $\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} y_n$ exist. Then:

($\forall n$) $x_n < y_n \Rightarrow \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} x_n \leq \lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} y_n$. On what condition on $(x_n)$ and $(y_n)$ does the equality hold?

Background to the question:

I am trying to prove Cauchy Schwarz inequality in integral form for real-valued functions using the Cauchy Schwarz inequality in summation form i.e. If $f,g \geq 0$ are square (Riemann) integrable, prove $(\int_a^b f(x)g(x)dx)^2 \leq (\int_a^b f(x)^2dx)(\int_a^b g(x)^2dx)$ using $(\sum u_iv_i)^2 \leq (\sum u_i^2)(\sum v_i^2)$.

Proof: If $P(x,t)$ be a tagged partition of $[a,b]$. \begin{align} \int_a^b f(x)g(x)dx &:= \lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0} \sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i)g(x_i) \Delta x_i \\ &= \lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0} \sum_{i=1}^n (f(x_i)\sqrt{\Delta x_i})(g(x_i)\sqrt{\Delta x_i}) \\ &\leq \lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0} \sqrt{(\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i)^2\Delta x_i) (\sum_{i=1}^n g(x_i)^2\Delta x_i)} \\(\text{Using C-S inequality and the limit inequality I asked above.}) \\ &= \sqrt{\lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0} (\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i)^2\Delta x_i) (\sum_{i=1}^n g(x_i)^2\Delta x_i)} \\ \Rightarrow (\int_a^b f(x)g(x)dx)^2 &\leq \lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0} (\sum_{i=1}^n f(x_i)^2\Delta x_i) \lim_{||P|| \rightarrow 0}(\sum_{i=1}^n g(x_i)^2\Delta x_i) \\ &= (\int_a^b f(x)^2dx)(\int_a^b g(x)^2dx) \end{align} I want to check for what $f,g$ does the equality hold. For this I need to know when the equality to $x_n \leq y_n \Rightarrow \lim x_n \leq \lim y_n$ holds! Hence the question.

## closed as unclear what you're asking by Chappers, GNUSupporter 8964民主女神 地下教會, Arnaud D., B. Mehta, José Carlos SantosMay 9 '18 at 17:43

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• There is no way to describe it in general. – Logic_Problem_42 May 9 '18 at 12:31
• The existence of limit is equivalent to limsup = liminf, so it's answered in the first question in the list of related questions. – GNUSupporter 8964民主女神 地下教會 May 9 '18 at 12:35
• @ GNU Supporter: I know how to prove the inequality, but I was looking for some insight on when the equality holds. – Kaind May 9 '18 at 12:49

Let $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} x_n =L$$

and $$\lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} y_n =M$$

We show that $L\le M$

Suppose on the contrary, we have $l > M$.

Let $\epsilon = \frac {l-M}{2}$

For a large enough n = we have both $x_n>L-\epsilon=\frac {L+M}{2}$ and $y_n < M+\epsilon = \frac {L+M}{2}$$That makes$ x_n > y_n$which is not possible due to our assumption. contradiction. The equality hold if$|x_n-y_n |\to 0$• For the equality condition, haven't you just restated it as it is/ – Kaind May 9 '18 at 13:07 • True, but there is not much to say about it. We can give examples but that is about it. – Mohammad Riazi-Kermani May 9 '18 at 13:18 If$\lim_{n\rightarrow \infty} (y_n-x_n) = 0\$, then the limits must be equal.

• Isn't that just restating the equality? – Kaind May 9 '18 at 13:07