# When $T_x: G \longrightarrow \mathrm{orb}(x)$ is injective?

We suppose that the group $G$ acts in the set $X\neq \emptyset$. For $x\in X$, we define the map $$T_x:G\longrightarrow \mathrm{ orb}(x),\ g \mapsto T_x(g):=g*x.$$

We want to find necessary and sufficient condition such that $T_x$ is injective.

My first thought is to claim that $$T_x \text{ is injective } \iff G= \mathrm{Stab}_G(x)$$

But the only obvious releation that I can see is this: $$T_x(g_1)=T_x(g_2)\iff g_1*x=g_2*x\iff x=g_1^{-1}g_2*x\iff h:=g_1^{-1}g_2\in \mathrm{Stab}_G(x).$$

Is this in the right way? Any ideas please?

• The map $G\to{\rm Orb}(x)$ factors through the quotient map $G\to G/{\rm Stab}(x)$, and the orbit-stabilizer theorem says $G/{\rm Stab}(x)\to{\rm Orb}(x)$ is a bijection, so this should tell us the map is injective iff ${\rm Stab}(x)=1$. – anon Apr 16 '18 at 16:57

I think you are almost correct. Yes, $T_x$ injective iff $h:=g_1^{-1}g_2 \in Stab_G(x)$ iff $g_2 \in g_1 Stab_G(x)$. You could see that this holds iff $Stab_G(x)=\{e \}$.

• Thank you for your answer. Could you please explain why $g_1^{-1}g_2 \in Stab_G(x) \iff g_2\in g_1 Stab_G(x)$ and the last one relation? – Chris Apr 16 '18 at 17:41
• You might want to right out what each side means. For example, for RHS, $g_1Stab_G(x) = \{ g_1y \, : \, y \in Stab_G(x) \}$ So $g_2=g_1y$ for some $y \in Stab_G(x)$. – CL. Apr 16 '18 at 17:45
• write* my bad, the irony... – CL. Apr 16 '18 at 17:58
• Thank you very much, it's ok. – Chris Apr 16 '18 at 18:26

We will proove that $\boxed{T_x \text{ is }1-1 \iff \mathrm{Stab}_G(x)=\{1_G\}}$.

"$\Longrightarrow$" We suppose that $T_x$ is $1-1$. Let's take an element $g\in \mathrm{Stab}_G(x)$. Then, $$g\in \mathrm{Stab}_G(x)\iff g*x=x\iff g*x=1_G*x\implies g=1_G.$$ So, $\mathrm{Stab}_G(x)=\{1_G\}$.

"$\Longleftarrow$" We suppose that $\mathrm{Stab}_G(x)=\{1_G\}$. Let's take $g_1,g_2\in G$. Then, $T_x(g_1)=T_x(g_2) \iff g_1*x=g_2*x \iff x=g_1 ^{-1}g_2 *x \iff g_1^{-1}g_2\in \mathrm{Stab}_G(x)=\{1_G\}\iff g_1^{-1}g_2=1_G\iff g_1=g_2$.

So, $T_x$ is $1-1$.