How are rational algebraic Hodge classes of type $ (p,p) $ defined? 
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*Definition ( Hodge classes ) :


For each integer $ p \in \mathbb{N} $, let $ H^{p,p} (X) $ denotes the subspace of $ H^{2p} ( X ,\mathbb{C} ) $ of type $ (p,p) $.
The group of rational $ (p,p) $- cycles : $ H^{p,p} (X , \mathbb{Q} ) = H^{2p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) \cap H^{p,p} (X) $ is called the group of rational Hodge classes of type $ (p,p) $.


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*Definition :


An $ r $ -cycle of an algebraic variety $ X $ is a formal finite linear combination $ \displaystyle \sum_{ i \in [1,h] } m_i Z_i $ of closed irreducible
subvarieties $ Z $ of dimension $ r $ with integer coefficients $ m_i $.
The group of $ r $ -cycles is denoted by $ \mathcal{Z}_r (X) $.
On a compact complex algebraic manifold, the class of closed irreducible subvarieties of codimension $ p $ extends into a linear morphism :
$ \mathrm{cl}_{ \mathbb{Q} } \ : \ \mathcal{Z}_{p} (X) \otimes \mathbb{Q} \to H^{p,p} (X, \mathbb{Q} ) $ defined by : 
$ \mathrm{cl}_{ \mathbb{Q} } \big( \sum_{ i \in [1,h] } m_i Z_i \big) = \sum_{ i \in [1,h] } m_i \eta_{Z_{i}} \ , \ \forall m_i \in \mathbb{Q} $.
The elements of the image of $ \mathrm{cl}_{ \mathbb{Q} } $ are called rational algebraic Hodge classes of type $ (p,p) $.


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*Hodge conjecture :


On a non-singular complex projective variety, any rational Hodge class of type $ (p,p) $ is algebraic, i.e : in the image of $ \mathrm{cl}_{ \mathbb{Q} } $.


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*My questions are :


How to understand explicitly the nature of any element $ [ \alpha ] $ of $ H^{p,p} (X , \mathbb{Q} ) = H^{2p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) \cap H^{p,p} (X) $
the group of rational Hodge classes of type $ (p,p) $ ?.
1) If $ [ \alpha ] \in H^{p,p} (X , \mathbb{Q} ) = H^{2p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) \cap H^{p,p} (X) $, does it mean that $ \alpha $ has the form :
$ \alpha = \sum \alpha_{j_{1}j_{2} ... j_{p}} dz_{j_{1}} \wedge ... \wedge z_{j_{p}} \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{1}}} \wedge ... \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{p}}} $
such that : $ \alpha \in \mathcal{A}^{p,p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) $ with $ \alpha : X \to \bigwedge^{p,p} (TX)^* $ and $ \forall x \in X \ : \ \alpha (x) \in \bigwedge^{p,p} (TX)^* $
an alternating $ (p,p) $ - form on $ (TX)^* $ ? 
If this is true, $ \alpha (x) = \sum \alpha_{j_{1}j_{2} ... j_{p}} (x) dz_{j_{1}} \wedge ... \wedge z_{j_{p}} \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{1}}} \wedge ... \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{p}}} \in \bigwedge^{p,p} (TX)^* $.
Does it mean that : $ \forall (v_1 , \dots , v_n) \in (TX)^* \times ... \times (TX)^* \ : 
\ \alpha (x) (v_1 , \dots , v_n ) \in \mathbb{C} $ or $ \alpha (x) (v_1 , \dots , v_n ) \in \mathbb{Q} $ ?
I think that : $ \alpha (x) ( v_1 , \dots , v_n ) \in \mathbb{Q} $ because : $ \alpha \in H^{2p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) \cap H^{p,p} (X) $ so $ \alpha \in H^{2p} ( X , \mathbb{Q} ) $, right ?
2) Otherwise, if : $ \alpha = \sum \alpha_{j_{1}j_{2} ... j_{p}} dz_{j_{1}} \wedge ... \wedge z_{j_{p}} \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{1}}} \wedge ... \wedge \overline{dz_{j_{p}}} \in H^{2p} (X, \mathbb{Q} ) \cap H^{p,p} (X) $, 
have we $ \alpha_{j_{1}j_{2} ... j_{p}} : X \to \mathbb{C} \ \ $ or $ \ \  \alpha_{j_{1}j_{2} ... j_{p}} : X \to \mathbb{Q} $ ?
Thanks in advance for your help.
 A: There is two cohomology theories (singular and de Rham) and an isomorphism between them. Often the isomorphism is not written, but it may be misleading. For example, the intersection $H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{C})\cap H^{2p}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ is an intersection of one group belonging to the de Rham theory and one group belonging to the singular theory.
Let's have a look at the simplest example of a projective algebraic variety : $\mathbb{P}^1$. The cohomology theories are :


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*singular cohomology : $H^2(\mathbb{P}^1,\mathbb{Q})=\mathbb{Q}.u$ where $u$ is the class of a cochain such that $\langle u,[\mathbb{P}^1]\rangle = 1$.

*de Rham cohomology : $H^2_{dR}(\mathbb{P}^1,\mathbb{C})=\mathbb{C}.[\omega]$ with $\omega=\frac{1}{2i\pi}\frac{dz\wedge d\overline{z}}{(1+z\overline{z})^2}$ (check that this is well defined at $\infty$). I put the coefficient $\frac{1}{2i\pi}$ so that $\int_{\mathbb{P}^1}\omega=1$ (easy computation with polar coordinates). 


Now, integration of differential forms gives a morphism : $$\Psi_{dR}:H_{dR}^n(X,\mathbb{C})\rightarrow H^n(X,\mathbb{Q})\otimes\mathbb{C}=Hom(H_i(X,\mathbb{Z}),\mathbb{C}) \text{ such that }[\omega]\mapsto (\gamma\mapsto \int_{\gamma}\omega)$$
With $X=\mathbb{P}^1$, this mean that our class (with the choice of the coefficient $\frac{1}{2i\pi}$) satisfies $\Psi_{dR}([\omega])=u$.
Now de Rham cohomology has a decomposition $H_{dR}^n(X,\mathbb{C})=\bigoplus_{p+q=n}H^{p,q}(X,\mathbb{C})$. The group $H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ is either $\Psi_{dR}(H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{C}))\cap H^{2p}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ or $H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{C})\cap\Psi_{dR}^{-1}(H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{Q}))$ (depending on whether we want to see Hodge classes as singular cochain or differential forms).
Say we prefer differential forms. Then $H^{p,p}(\mathbb{P}^1,\mathbb{Q})=\mathbb{Q}.[\omega]$. But note that $\omega$ is not an element of $\mathcal{A}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ whatever this means : it has a factor $\frac{1}{2i\pi}$ so it is really not $\mathbb{Q}$-valued. (This is what I meant in my comment by : there is no de Rham cohomology with rational coefficients)

I want to add that I don't like the notation $H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ simply because we could be tempted to say that $H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{Q})\otimes_{\mathbb{Q}}\mathbb{C}=H^{p,p}(X,\mathbb{C})=H^{p,p}(X)$. This is wrong : the group $H^{p,p}(X)$ is a subspace of $H^{2p}_{dR}(X,\mathbb{C})$ and the group $\Psi_{dR}^{-1}H^{2p}(X,\mathbb{Q})$ is a sub-$\mathbb{Q}$-vector space of $H^{2p}_{dR}(X,\mathbb{C})$. Their intersection might be smaller than expected : in fact it might be zero even if $H^{p,p}(X)\neq 0$.
