The Sequence of Eigenfunctions Of a Self-adjoint Operator is Complete I saw this theorem somewhere and I have problem finding proof for the third part. Is it even true? If yes I'd be glad if someone could suggest me a book for reference or give me some hints for proving it myself:
Consider the eigenvalue problem: $$\mathbf Ty_n=\lambda_nw(x)y_n(x),n=0,1,...,x\in\Omega.$$
Where $\mathbf T$ is linear and dense in $L^2([a,b]).$ If $\mathbf T$ is a self-adjoint operator then:
1. All the eigenvalues $\lambda_n$ are real.
2. Any two eigenfunctions of $\mathbf T$ belonging to different eigenvalues are orthogonal to each other.
3.The set of eigenfunctions is complete(dense) in the corresponding space.  
 A: You don't need to require dense range. Because $T$ is selfadjoint, you have
$$
\ker T=(\text{ran}\,T^*)^\perp=(\text{ran}\,T)^\perp.
$$
So you can take an orthonormal basis for the kernel and one for the closure of the range. So, whether $T$ has dense range or not is irrelevant. 
For selfadjoint $T$, one can get an orthonormal basis of eigenvectors if $T$ is compact. Or, more generally, if every point in the spectrum is isolated. Otherwise, $T$ may has as little as zero eigenvectors. Since you are working in $L^2[0,1]$, the most natural examples of selfadjoint operators are the operators of multiplication by a function. One can easily show that if $M_f$ is the operator of multiplication by a function $f$ its spectrum is the essential range of $f$. And it is selfadjoint when $f$ is real. In the particular case where $f$ is monotone, it cannot have eigenvectors: if 
$$
\tag{!}M_f g=\lambda g, 
$$
you the equality $f(t)g(t)=\lambda g(t)$ a.e. So, wherever $g$ is nonzero, $f(t)=\lambda$. As we assumed that $f$ is monotone, the equality $(1)$ is impossible. So $M_f$ has no eigenvectors whatsoever. 
