Using residues, try the contour below with $R \rightarrow \infty$ and $$\lim_{R \rightarrow \infty } \int_0^R \frac{1}{1+r^n} dr \rightarrow \int_0^\infty \frac{1}{1+x^n} dx$$
I've attempted the residue summation, but my sum did not converge.
Mathematics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for people studying math at any level and professionals in related fields. It only takes a minute to sign up.
Sign up to join this communityUsing residues, try the contour below with $R \rightarrow \infty$ and $$\lim_{R \rightarrow \infty } \int_0^R \frac{1}{1+r^n} dr \rightarrow \int_0^\infty \frac{1}{1+x^n} dx$$
I've attempted the residue summation, but my sum did not converge.
The integral of $$ \int_\gamma\frac1{1+z^n}\mathrm{d}z\tag{1} $$ on the outgoing ray on the real axis tends to $$ \int_0^\infty\frac1{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x\tag{2} $$ On the incoming ray parallel to $e^{2\pi i/n}$, the integral tends to $$ -e^{2\pi i/n}\int_0^\infty\frac1{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x\tag{3} $$ For $n\ge2$, the integral on the circular arc vanishes. Therefore, $$ \int_\gamma\frac1{1+z^n}\mathrm{d}z =\left(1-e^{2\pi i/n}\right)\int_0^\infty\frac1{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x\tag{4} $$ There is one singularity contained in $\gamma$ at $z_0=e^{\pi i/n}$. The residue of $\frac1{1+x^n}$ at $z_0$ is $\frac1{nz_0^{n-1}}=-\frac{z_0}{n}$. Thus, $$ 2\pi i\left(-\frac{e^{\pi i/n}}{n}\right) =\left(1-e^{2\pi i/n}\right)\int_0^\infty\frac1{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x\tag{5} $$ which resolves by division to $$ \int_0^\infty\frac1{1+x^n}\mathrm{d}x=\frac{\pi/n}{\sin(\pi/n)}\tag{6} $$ For $n=1$, the integral diverges and $\frac{\pi}{\sin(\pi)}=\frac\pi0$.
Supposed that you have no idea of how to do integration over the complex, this problem can also be solved neatly.
Denote $t:=x^n$, and we have \begin{align} \int_0^\infty\frac{\mathrm{d} x}{1+x^n} &= \frac1n\int_0^\infty\frac{t^{\frac1n-1}}{1+t}\mathrm{d} t\\ &=\frac1n\:\mathrm{B}(\frac1n, 1-\frac1n) \\ &=\frac1n\:\Gamma(\frac1n)\cdot\Gamma(1-\frac1n)\\ &=\frac{\pi/n}{\sin \pi/n} \end{align}
Here we used a famous result, $\displaystyle\Gamma(z)\cdot\Gamma(1-z)=\frac{\pi}{\sin{\pi z}} \quad (0<\mathrm{Re}(z)<1)$