Sum of Binomial coefficients identity I am trying to find an exact formula for the following:
$\sum\limits_{i=0}^{n}{\binom{2n}{n-i}\frac{2i^2+i}{n+i+1}}$
I don't think this should be too bad with a rearrangement of terms, but I keep getting stuck.
 A: Here are some steps to the solution:


*

*To get rid of the denominators, use ${2n\choose n-i}\frac1{n+i+1}={2n+1\choose n-i}\frac1{2n+1}$.

*To simplify the steps to come, use the change of variable $k=n-i$, thus ${2n+1\choose n-i}(2i^2+i)={2n+1\choose k}((2n+1)n-(4n-1)k+2k(k-1))$ and $0\leqslant k\leqslant n$.

*To compute $s_0=\sum\limits_{k=0}^n{2n+1\choose k}$, note that $2s_0=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{2n+1}{2n+1\choose k}=2^{2n+1}$.

*To compute $s_1=\sum\limits_{k=0}^n{2n+1\choose k}k$, note that ${2n+1\choose k}k={2n\choose k-1}(2n+1)$ hence $s_1=(2n+1)t_1$ with $t_1=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-1}{2n\choose k}$ and $2t_1+{2n\choose n}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{2n}{2n\choose k}=2^{2n}$.

*To compute $s_2=\sum\limits_{k=0}^n{2n+1\choose k}k(k-1)$, note that ${2n+1\choose k}k(k-1)={2n-1\choose k-2}(2n+1)(2n)$ hence $s_2=(2n+1)2nt_2$ with $t_2=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{n-2}{2n-1\choose k}$ and $2t_2+2{2n-1\choose n}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{2n-1}{2n-1\choose k}=2^{2n-1}$.


Putting all these together yields that the sum $S$ to be evaluated is
$$
S=ns_0-(4n-1)t_1+4nt_2,
$$
that is,
$$
S=n2^{2n}-(4n-1)\tfrac12\left(2^{2n}-\textstyle{{2n\choose n}}\right)+n\left(2^{2n}-4\textstyle{{2n-1\choose n}}\right),
$$
and finally,
$$
S=\frac12\left(2^{2n}-{2n\choose n}\right)=2^{2n-1}-{2n-1\choose n}.
$$
A: Maple 16 says
$$ {\frac {{4}^{n} \left( \sqrt {\pi }\; \Gamma  \left( n+1 \right) -
\Gamma  \left( n+1/2 \right)  \right) }{2 \sqrt {\pi }\;\Gamma  \left( n+1
 \right) }}
$$
EDIT:  Oh, looks like there's a nicer form:
$$ 2^{2n-1} - {{2n-1} \choose {n}}$$
See http://oeis.org/A000346
