For any real number $c$, the polynomial $x^3 + x + c$ has exactly one real root For any real number $c$, the polynomial $x^3 + x + c$ has exactly one real root.  
how can i show that above statement is true or false.can anyone help me please
 A: You can show (for example using the derivative) that the function $x \mapsto x^3 + x + c$ is increasing for any real $c$.
A: There are several ways to do it:


*

*Show that $x \mapsto x^3+x+c$ is increasing

*Use Rolle's theorem.

*Use Descartes' rule of signs: If $c>0$ it has a negative root while if $c\leq0$ it has a nonnegative root.

A: Here’s yet another argument, not using calculus. As @xen remarks, a strictly increasing real-valued function will have at most one root. Letting $f$ be our function, we find that $f(x+\varepsilon)-f(x)=\varepsilon\lbrack 3x^2+3x\varepsilon+\varepsilon^2+1\rbrack$, and the quantity in brackets is a sum of squares, namely $3x^2/4+(3x/2+\varepsilon)^2+1$. So the computed difference has the same sign as $\varepsilon$, the function is strictly increasing.
A: See wikipedia for a algebric condition in wikipedia section "Roots of a cubic function".
Let
$$
(1) \quad ax^3+bx^2+cx+d=0.
$$
Every cubic equation $(1)$ with real coefficients has at least one solution ''x'' among the real numbers; this is a consequence of the intermediate value theorem. We can distinguish several possible cases using the discriminante $\Delta$ of $(1)$,
$$
\Delta = 18abcd -4b^3d + b^2c^2 - 4ac^3 - 27a^2d^2. 
$$
The following cases need to be considered:
If $\Delta > 0$, then the equation has three distinct real roots.
If $\Delta = 0$, then the equation has multiple root and all its roots are real.
If $\Delta < 0$, then the equation has one real root and two nonreal complex conjugate roots.
For reference see the book
A: $ x^3 + x + c = 0 $
$ x^3 + x = y = -c $
$ x(x^2 + 1) = y $
$ (x^2 + 1) $  is always positive and greater than zero, and $ x $ takes both negative and positive values. So it is possible to sweep the entire real numbers, including $ d $, by giving $ x $ values from $ -\infty $ to $ +\infty $. In other words, $ y=x(x^2 + 1) $ is a smooth function from $ \mathbb{R} $ to $ \mathbb{R} $.

So, $ x^3 + x + c = 0 $ must have at least real root, since $ y = x(x^2 + 1) $ always has a solution $x_0$ for any given $y_0$.
