How to solve 700 = 7x + 6y for a range of values? Last time I did any maths was A-Level (some time ago!).
This is a programming/layout problem where I need to display 7 items across a page, with 6 gaps between them. I have a fixed width, but need to determine values of x and y that are integers where x > y.
This 'feels' like something I could plot on a graph, hence solve with calculus but I need a pointer in the right direction. Ideally I'd like to solve it programatically but I need an understanding of how to solve it first. Further down the line, I'd like to be able to vary the number of items to get different values.
Thanks
 A: First, find one solution. Here you can say 700 = 7*100 + 6*0, or 700 = 700*1 = 700*(7-6) = 7*700 + 6*(-700).
One you have one solution $(x_1,y_1)$, another solution $(x_2,y_2)$ has to satisfy
$7x_1+6y_1 = 700 = 7x_2+6y_2$, so $7(x_1-x_2) + 6(y_1-y_2) = 0$.
Here this means that $7(x_1-x_2) = 6(y_2-y_1)$. Since 6 and 7 are coprime, this number is a multiple of 42, so $7(x_1-x_2) = 6(y_2-y_1) = 42k$.
Now you get $x_2 = x_1 - 6k, y_2 = y_1+7k$, and that gives you the set of solutions 
$S = \{(100-6k, 0+7k), k \in \mathbb{Z}\}$.
If you only want to have solutions with positive $0<y<x$, this means you get constraints on $k$ : $0 < k$ and $k < 100/13$, which means $k \in \{1, 2, \ldots 7 \}$
Edit :
If you want to solve $a = nx + (n-1)y$, since $n$ and $n-1$ are coprime, the same method works :
start with the particular solution $a = a*1 = n*a + (n-1)*(-a)$, so $(x=a, y= -a)$.
the solutions in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ are $\{(x=a-k(n-1), y= kn-a)), k \in \mathbb{Z}\}$.
Then you write the constraints $0<y<x$ in terms of $k$ and you get $a/n < k < 2a/(2n-1)$
A: If you want integer solutions, you have a linear diophantine equation. You can start by observing that $y$ must be a multiple of $7$, then simplify the equation using this.
A: $$700 = 7x + 6y\implies y = \frac{-7(x - 100)}{6}$$
Experimentation in a spreadsheet shows that [integer] $x,y$ values increase/decrease by amounts corresponding to their opposite coefficients. For example, a valid $x$-value occurs only every $6$ integers and a resulting $y$-value occurs every $7$ integers. Here is a sample to show the effect.
$$(-14,133)\quad (-8,126)\quad (-2,119)\quad (4,112)\quad (10,105)\quad (16,98)\quad $$
A little math shows the predictable values and relationships to be as follows.
$$x = 6 n + 4 \qquad y = 112 - 7 n \qquad  n \in\mathbb{Z}$$
Now, if we have a known $x$-range, we can find $n$ by plugging $x$-lo and $x$-hi into
$$n = \frac{(x - 4)}{6}$$
and rounding up or down to get the integer values desired and needed.
