# relation between essential spectrum and spectrum of an operator

Let $T$ be a linear bounded operator from $X \rightarrow X$ where $X$ is Banach space. I want to prove that essential spectrum is subset of spectrum. Where essential spectrum is {$\lambda \in \mathbb{C}$:$\lambda$I-T is not Fredholm operator} and here spectrum has usual meaning.

• If there is no $A$ such that $I-A(\lambda I-T)$ and $I-(\lambda I-T)A$ are compact, in particular there is no $A$ such that $I-A(\lambda I-T)$ and $I-(\lambda I-T)A$ are zero. – Bettybel Jul 6 '17 at 12:07
• thanks@Bettybel – ankit kumar Jul 6 '17 at 12:16

Notation:

essential spectrum of $T$: $\sigma_e(T)$,

spectrum of $T$: $\sigma(T)$,

$\rho_e(T)= \mathbb C \setminus \sigma_e(T)$ and $\rho(T)= \mathbb C \setminus \sigma(T)$.

Let $\lambda \in \rho(T)$, then $\lambda I-T$ is invertible, hence $\lambda I-T$ is Fredholm. Therefore $\lambda \in \rho_e(T)$.

We have shown: $\rho(T) \subseteq \rho_e(T)$. It follows:

$$\sigma_e(T) \subseteq \sigma(T).$$