1
$\begingroup$

Let $G \subseteq \mathbb{C}$ be an open set, where $\mathbb{C}$ has the usual Euclidian topology.

Let $\gamma$ be a closed curve in $G$, i.e. a continuous map $\gamma : [0,1] \rightarrow G$ such that $\gamma(0) = \gamma(1)$. Write $\{ \gamma \}$ for its image.

Now, the set $\mathbb{C} - \{ \gamma \}$ is open, and exactly one of its connected components is unbounded.

Assume $\gamma$ is homotopic to zero in $G$. Show that $\delta G$ is contained in the unbounded component of $\mathbb{C} - \{ \gamma \}$.

Remarks:

For "homotopic to zero" I am following the convention of Conway's introductory book to complex analysis: There is a continuously varying family of curves deforming $\gamma$ into a constant curve, all the curves in this family are closed (i.e. same begin and endpoints) but the begin/endpoints of different curves in the family need not agree.

Attemps:

If you draw a picture it is immediately clear, yet I have failed to give a proper proof... We definitely need $\gamma$ homotopic to zero in $G$, for otherwise a counterexample is easily given ($\gamma$ any circle around $0$ and $G = \mathbb{C} - \{0\}$).

My idea would be to let $\Gamma : [0,1]^2 \rightarrow G$ be a homotopy deforming $\gamma$ into a constant path, and then show that the image of $\Gamma$ always contains all the bounded components of $\mathbb{C} - \{ \gamma \}$ (this would be interesting in itself!). Since a point of $\delta G$ cannot be contained in the image of $\Gamma$, this would show what we want to show.

$\endgroup$
1
  • $\begingroup$ I suppose $\delta G$ denotes the boundary of $G$? It's not true, if the boundary of $G$ isn't connected, some components of it can be contained in bounded components of $\mathbb{C}\setminus \{\gamma\}$. Another possibility is that $\gamma$ is supposed to be a simple closed curve. $\endgroup$ May 17, 2017 at 13:48

0

You must log in to answer this question.