# Is $\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin \ln x}{\sqrt x}\,dx$ convergent or absolutely convergent?

Is $$\int_0^\infty\frac{\sin\ln x}{\sqrt x}\,dx$$ convergent? Absolutely convergent?

I found, that in fact it converges, but the only way I found is to say that $$\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin \ln x}{\sqrt x} \, dx \leq \int_0^{+\infty}\frac{1}{\sqrt x }\,dx,$$ but this integral doesn't converge, so this way I can't say something about convergence of this integral.

• If $\displaystyle \int_0^{+\infty} \dfrac{\sin\ln x}{\sqrt x} \, dx \le \int_0^{+\infty} \dfrac1{\sqrt x}\, dx$ and $\displaystyle\int_0^{+\infty} \dfrac1{\sqrt x}\, dx$ doesn't converge, then you can't conclude anything about $\displaystyle\int_0^{+\infty} \dfrac{\sin\ln x}{\sqrt x} \, dx$. It sounds like you might know that, but you also said you found that the given integral does converge. How'd you determine that? – tilper May 10 '17 at 13:59
• @tipler, yes, of course I understand this, but I didn't found any another ways, so, i'm trying to say, that I tried to use this method, but this method not right way – Eugene Korotkov May 10 '17 at 14:01
• Why do you think the integral converges? – zhw. May 10 '17 at 14:23

Use substitution $x=e^u$ to get

$$I=\int_0^{+\infty}\frac{\sin\ln x}{\sqrt x}\,dx = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}\frac{\sin u}{e^{u/2}}e^u\,du = \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{u/2}\sin u\,du$$

and then use partial integration:

\begin{align}I &=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{x/2}\sin x\,dx \\ &=\left[\begin{array}{ll} u = \sin x,&du=\cos x\\ v =2e^{x/2},&dv = e^{x/2}\end{array}\right] \\ &= \left.2e^{x/2}\sin x\,\right|_{-\infty}^{+\infty} - 2\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{x/2}\cos x\,dx \\ &= \left[\begin{array}{ll}u = \cos x,&du=-\sin x\\ v =2e^{x/2},&dv = e^{x/2}\end{array}\right] \\ &= \left.2e^{x/2}\sin x\,\right|_{-\infty}^{+\infty} - 2\left(\left.2e^{x/2}\cos x\,\right|_{-\infty}^{+\infty} + 2\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}e^{x/2}\sin x\,dx\right) \\ &= \left.2e^{x/2}(\sin x-2\cos x)\,\right|_{-\infty}^{+\infty}-4I\end{align}

We conclude that $I = \frac 25 \left.e^{x/2}(\sin x-2\cos x)\,\right|_{-\infty}^{+\infty}$ which doesn't converge.

Hint: For $n=1,2,\dots,$ estimate the integral over $[e^{2\pi n +\pi/4},e^{2\pi n +\pi/2}].$ Note that $\sin (\ln x) \ge 1/\sqrt 2$ on this interval.

You could solve the indefinite integral, \begin{align*} \int\frac{\sin(\ln(x))}{\sqrt x}\,dx &= \int\frac{\sqrt x \cdot\sin(\ln(x))}{x}\,dx \\ &= \int e^{\ln\sqrt x}\sin(\ln x)\,d(\ln x) \\ &= \int e^{\frac12 \ln x}\sin(\ln x)\,d(\ln x) \\ &= \frac25\sqrt x\left(2\cos(\ln x))-\sin(\ln x))\right)\\ \end{align*} and then evaluate the limits.