# Weakly non-completable partial Latin square

An empty cell in a partial Latin square (pLs) is said to be forced if it has a unique admissible entry (compatible with the definition of a Latin square). Attempting to complete a given pLs, one can start by successively filling in these forced entries.

If the pLs is completable, this can lead to the following two situations:

1. The pLs can be completed solely by forcing. Such pLs are usually called strongly completable. Example: $\left(\begin{array}{ccc} 1&-&- \\-&3&- \\ -&-&- \end{array}\right)$; the middle entry in the top row is forced to be 2, and so on.
2. The pLs cannot be completed solely by forcing. At some point one has to make a case analysis (there might still exist a unique completion). Such pLs are usually called weakly completable. Example: $\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}-&-&-&-&5\\-&1&4&-&-\\3&-&5&-&-\\4&-&2&-&-\\-&-&-&2&4\end{array}\right)$; no forced entry, but nevertheless has a unique completion.

However, I'm interested in partial Latin squares that are not completable. If we attempt to fill a non-completable pLS by forcing, we run into either of the following two situations:

1. Forcing leads to a contradiction (i.e. there is a cell with no admissible entry). We might call such a pLs strongly non-completable.
Example: $\left(\begin{array}{ccc}1&-&-\\-&3&-\\-&-&1\end{array}\right)$; both the left and right entry in the middle row are forced to be 2.
2. Forcing does not lead to a contradiction; at some point we have to make a case analysis to show that the pLs is not completable. Let's call such a pLs weakly non-completable.
Example: ???

Question: All non-completable pLs I know of are strongly non-completable. Are there known examples of weakly non-completable partial Latin squares (maybe even a trivial one I'm missing)? Is there a way to systematically construct such examples? More generally, has the notion 4. been studied before?

$$\left(\begin{array}{ccccc}1&2&3&-&-\\2&3&1&-&-\\3&1&2&-&-\\-&-&-&-&-\\-&-&-&-&-\end{array}\right)$$